The distribution of algae, corals and gorgonians in relation to depth, light attenuation, water movement and grazing pressure in the fringing coral reef of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles

Algal blooms on coral reefs: What are the causes?

“…In deeper water (4), herbivorous fish predominated (Morrison 1988), although these were greatly depleted in Jamaica due to overfishing (Munro 1983). Note that the abundance of macroalgae in Jamaica and elsewhere was greater on the deep forereef than in inshore shallow water (e.g., van den Hoek et al 1978;Steneck 1988;Hughes 1994), despite lower light levels and potentially lower nutrients derived from land. A substantial number of experimental studies conducted during the 1970s and early 1980s demonstrated that removal of Diadema resulted in macroalgal growth, relative to adjacent unmanipulated controls that had the same nutrient status (e.g., Ogden et al 1973;Sammarco et al 1974;Carpenter 1981;Lewis 1986).…”

Temperature responses of tropical to warm-temperate Atlantic seaweeds. I. Absence of ecotypic differentiation in amphi-Atlantic tropical-Canary Islands species

“…General methods and equipment used in tolerance experiments are described by Pakker et al (1995) Taylor (1928Taylor ( , 1960, Cheney & Dyer (i974), Richardson (1975), Oliveira Filho (1977, Cordeiro-Marino (i978), van den Hoek et al (1978), Price & John (1979), Norris & Bucher (1982), Hanisak & Blair (1988), Schneider & Searles (199I), Falcao et al (1992); eastern Atlantic, Levring (I974), Lawson & John (1977), Gil-Rodriguez & Afonso-Carrillo (I980), Price & John (1980), Lawson & John (1982), Audiffred & Weisscher (1984), Audiffred & Prud'homme van Reine (1985), Price et al (i986, 1988) Three plants were incubated in a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask, containing IS0ml of medium, and placed in culture cabinets (i0"2°C) at 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, and 20°C. Plants were transferred to the experimental low temperatures in steps of no more than 3°C per 3 days. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks one plant was removed and gradually brought back to the optimal growth temperature.…”

“…This relationship has been used to explain recent and historical distribution patterns (Lfining, 1990;van den Hoek & Breeman, 1990;Wiencke et aI., 1994). However, most seaweed species do not have continuous distribution ranges as continents, large bodies of (oceanic) water or adverse seawater temperatures may act as barriers between populations.…”

Molecular systematics, historical ecology, and phylogeography of Halimeda (Bryopsidales)

“…The latter are released in concert (Drew and Abel, 1988) in species-specific short intervals (Clifton, 1997;Clifton and Clifton, 1999 Ballantine, 1982;Dong and Tseng, 1980;Drew, 1993Drew, , 1995Hillis-Colinvaux, 1980;Noble, 1986). They abound in a range of reef habitats (Gilmartin, 1960;Hillis-Colinvaux, 1980Roberts et al, 1987;Taylor, 1950Taylor, , 1960Tsuda and Kamura, 1991;Tsuda and Wray, 1977;Van den Hoek et al, 1978). Several morphological traits seem to be linked to particular habitats, e.g., unconsolidated substrata or wave exposed sites (Hillis-Colinvaux, 1980); these traits must have been acquired once or more depending on whether adaptation to these environments occurred once or multiple times.…”