The distribution of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in fungi

Kock, J.L.F.; Strauss, Catharina; Pohl, Carolina H.; Nigam, Santosh

doi:10.1016/s1098-8823(03)00046-7

Cited by 68 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Oxylipin production is widespread among fungi, and progress has recently been made in identification, regulation, and cellular localization of the dioxygenases generating fungal oxylipins (17,22,33,42,58,59,61). In this study, we provide the first genetic evidence for fungi that Ppo proteins similar in sequence to mammalian COX are involved in the production of prostaglandins, a major group of oxylipins that regulate immune responses in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although many studies have focused on C 18 oxylipins, several experiments have revealed that both pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungal species produce detectable amounts of both C 20 cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products (36,44,45). The arachidonic acid metabolites PGF 2 and PGF 2 -lactone have been detected in a number of environmental yeasts of the family Lipomycetaceae (Dipodascopsis, Lipomyces, Myxozyma, and Zygozyma) (22,33,34,55) as well as in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (33). The pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans and the filamentous fungus A. fumigatus produce both PGs and leukotrienes, and their amounts are significantly increased after exogenous application of arachidonic acid (44,45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspergillus Cyclooxygenase-Like Enzymes Are Associated with Prostaglandin Production and Virulence

et al. 2005

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Oxylipins comprise a family of oxygenated fatty acid-derived signaling molecules that initiate critical biological activities in animals, plants, and fungi. Mammalian oxylipins, including the prostaglandins (PGs), mediate many immune and inflammation responses in animals. PG production by pathogenic microbes is theorized to play a role in pathogenesis. We have genetically characterized three Aspergillus genes, ppoA, ppoB, and ppoC, encoding fatty acid oxygenases similar in sequence to specific mammalian prostaglandin synthases, the cyclooxygenases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed that production of PG species is decreased in both Aspergillus nidulans and A. fumigatus ppo mutants, implicating Ppo activity in generating PGs. The A. fumigatus triple-ppo-silenced mutant was hypervirulent in the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis murine model system and showed increased tolerance to H 2 O 2 stress relative to that of the wild type. We propose that Ppo products, PG, and/or other oxylipins may serve as activators of mammalian immune responses contributing to enhanced resistance to opportunistic fungi and as factors that modulate fungal development contributing to resistance to host defenses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus Cyclooxygenase-Like Enzymes Are Associated with Prostaglandin Production and Virulence

et al. 2005

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“…Precedent for the regulation of fungal morphogenesis by fatty acids and oxylipins comes from studies on sporulation, secondary metabolite production and sexual development in filamentous fungi (25,41,(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84). For example, the influence of oxylipins has been studied in detail in Aspergillus nidulans, and it has been shown that hydroxylated oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids constitute an endogenous mixture of oxylipin hormones (psi factors) that control the timing and balance of meiotic and mitotic spore development (15,16,79,(81)(82)(83)(84).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifunctional β-Oxidation Enzyme Is Required for Full Symptom Development by the Biotrophic Maize Pathogen Ustilago maydis

Klose

Kronstad

2006

Eukaryot Cell

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The transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth in the biotrophic fungal phytopathogen Ustilago maydis is a crucial event for pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that fatty acids induce filamentation in U. maydis and that the resulting hyphal cells resemble the infectious filaments observed in planta. To explore the potential metabolic role of lipids in the morphological transition and in pathogenic development in host tissue, we deleted the mfe2 gene encoding the multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the second and third reactions in ␤-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes. The growth of the strains defective in mfe2 was attenuated on long-chain fatty acids and abolished on very-long-chain fatty acids. The mfe2 gene was not generally required for the production of filaments during mating in vitro, but loss of the gene blocked extensive proliferation of fungal filaments in planta. Consistent with this observation, mfe2 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence in that only 27% of infected seedlings produced tumors compared to 88% tumor production upon infection by wild-type strains. Similarly, a defect in virulence was observed in developing ears upon infection of mature maize plants. Specifically, the absence of the mfe2 gene delayed the development of teliospores within mature tumor tissue. Overall, these results indicate that the ability to utilize host lipids contributes to the pathogenic development of U. maydis.

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“…A potential role for oxylipins in cross kingdom communication as well as in balancing the ascospore/conidia ratio in A. nidulans was described by Calvo et al (10) characterizing the effects of plant oxylipins on spore development in seed infecting aspergilli. Furthermore, numerous biochemical and physiological studies of oomycetes (protists resembling fungi in lifestyle), yeasts, and filamentous fungi have associated oxylipin synthesis with either meiospore or mitospore development (26,32,42). Fatty acids (e.g., farnesoic acid) also regulate morphological transitions in the human pathogen Candida albicans (43), and recently a bacterial virulence factor structurally similar to farnesoic acid was shown to inhibit the dimorphic transition in C. albicans (56).…”

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confidence: 99%

Endogenous Lipogenic Regulators of Spore Balance in Aspergillus nidulans

et al. 2004

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The ability of fungi to produce both meiospores and mitospores has provided adaptive advantages in survival and dispersal of these organisms. Here we provide evidence of an endogenous mechanism that balances meiospore and mitospore production in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. We have discovered a putative dioxygenase, PpoC, that functions in association with a previously characterized dioxygenase, PpoA, to integrate fatty acid derived oxylipin and spore production. In contrast to PpoA, deletion of ppoC significantly increased meiospore production and decreased mitospore development. Examination of the PpoA and PpoC mutants indicate that this ratio control is associated with two apparent feedback loops. The first loop shows ppoC and ppoA expression is dependent upon, and regulates the expression of, nsdD and brlA, genes encoding transcription factors required for meiospore or mitospore production, respectively. The second loop suggests Ppo oxylipin products antagonistically signal the generation of Ppo substrates. These data support a case for a fungal "oxylipin signature-profile" indicative of relative sexual and asexual spore differentiation.

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The distribution of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in fungi

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

Aspergillus Cyclooxygenase-Like Enzymes Are Associated with Prostaglandin Production and Virulence

Aspergillus Cyclooxygenase-Like Enzymes Are Associated with Prostaglandin Production and Virulence

The Multifunctional β-Oxidation Enzyme Is Required for Full Symptom Development by the Biotrophic Maize Pathogen Ustilago maydis

Endogenous Lipogenic Regulators of Spore Balance in Aspergillus nidulans

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