The distribution of 13C of ΣCO2 in the world oceans

Kroopnick, Peter M.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(85)90017-2

Cited by 960 publications

(653 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In early summer 2002, d 13 C DIC values are close to 0& at 0 and 2 m depth in Kyllaren fjord, within the range of the global surface ocean variation (+2& to À0.5&; Kroopnick, 1985). However, the more 13 C-depleted DIC in the oxygenated surface water in autumn to early spring suggests a contribution from respired DIC coming from the bottom water.…”

Section: Respiration Of Organic Matter As a Source For Dicmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The lowest d 13 C DIC values were observed for the anoxic bottom water (hypolimnion) where organic matter is oxidized. Moreover, the DIC in the epilimnion of such systems is 13 C-depleted (d 13 C DIC is À4& to À10&) compared to global surface ocean d 13 C DIC in equilibrium with the atmosphere (+2& to À0.5&; Kroopnick, 1985). Consistent with the 13 C-depleted DIC, d 13 C values of particulate organic carbon (POC) in these systems is also substantially depleted, ranging from À41.5& to À47& (Rau, 1978;Fry, 1986;Bernasconi and Hanselmann, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

Breugel

Schouten

Paetzel³

et al. 2005

Organic Geochemistry

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A negative carbon isotope shift in sedimentary organic carbon deposited in stratified marine and lacustrine systems has often been inferred to be a consequence of the process of recycling of respired and, therefore, 13 C-depleted, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) formed from mineralization of descending organic matter. To study this process, we measured d 13 C DIC and d 13 C values of particulate organic carbon (POC) over an annual cycle in the permanently stratified Kyllaren fjord in Norway. A notable accumulation of respired DIC below the chemocline was evident from the substantially 13 Cdepleted DIC (ca. À19&). Especially in autumn to early spring, respired DIC from the deep anoxic water is mixed into the oxygenated surface water and the calculated respired DIC contribution to the total DIC pool was up to $40% in early spring in the upper 2 m of the water column. At 4 m depth, just below the chemocline, the respired DIC contribution reaches ca. 90% of the total DIC pool. Assimilation of the respired DIC seems to exert only a small effect on d 13 C POC , which has an average d 13 C value of À24&. The measured photoautotrophic fractionation (e p ) was low (<10&) during the majority of the year. This is likely responsible for reducing the apparent impact of recycling of respired DIC on d 13 C POC . However, in June 2002, photoautotrophic use of the 13 C-depleted DIC is obvious from a 13 C-depletion of POC (À33.7&) derived from a bloom of the protist Euglena sp.

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Section: Respiration Of Organic Matter As a Source For Dicmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

Breugel

Schouten

Paetzel³

et al. 2005

Organic Geochemistry

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“…Primary productivity is higher in the offshore waters south of 39°S due to the higher precipitation at these higher latitudes and consequently high river discharge into the ocean (Thomas, 1999). This leads to preferential incorporation of 12 C by phytoplankton and 13 C enrichment of surface waters, and subsequently to heavier δ 13 C‰ in the foraminiferas (analogous to the brachiopods; Kroopnick, 1985). Indeed the shallowerwater G. bulloides from south of 39°S exhibit heavier δ 13 C values than their lower latitude counterparts (Fig.…”

Section: Productivity-carbon Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bathymetry and productivity of the southern Great Basin seaway, Nevada, USA: An evaluation of isotope and trace element chemistry in mid-Carboniferous and modern brachiopods

Brand

Webster

Azmy

et al. 2007

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The stable isotope and trace element chemistry of brachiopods from stratigraphically, paleontologically, and geochemically three coeval intervals about the mid-Carboniferous boundary in the Bird Spring Formation were evaluated for their potential of serving as proxies of bathymetry and productivity of the southern Great Basin seaway, an eastern arm of the Panthalassa Ocean. Oxygen isotopes delineate both spatial and temporal differences in values of brachiopods from the three coeval mid-Carboniferous sections. Based on pristine brachiopod δ 18 O values and supported by paleoecological information, water depth increased from Apex to Kane Springs Wash East to Arrow Canyon. In addition, there is also an increase in values from the latest Mississippian to the earliest Pennsylvanian suggesting a water temperature (cooling), a water depth (increase), and/or change in both of the habitat of the penecontemporaneous brachiopods.Analogous to values and trends observed in modern brachiopods, the Fe/Mn ratio of fossil counterparts may be a potential proxy of seawater productivity related to the micronutrient iron. Overall, the high ratios of Fe/Mn suggest highly productive waters for the southern Great Basin seaway, with somewhat reduced productivity during the earliest Pennsylvanian. In contrast, the carbon isotope values of the coeval material are relatively invariant with respect to productivity; trends similar to observations on modern carbonate allochems. Based on habitat and paleogeography, the Antler Orogenic Highlands west of the foreland basin are considered a potential source for the micronutrient iron enrichment of the carbonate platform shelf-edge environment. It is further postulated that upwelling currents, in part, which weakened from the latest Mississippian through to the earliest Pennsylvanian, may have transported the micronutrient iron onto the shelf/basin environments of the Bird Spring Formation of the southern Great Basin.

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“…Epistominella exigua and A. weddellensis are also known to feed on, and reproduce in phase with seasonal pulses of fresh [Mackensen et al, 1993a]). e GEOSECS 435 (39.952°S, 109.97°E [Kroopnick, 1985]). f GEOSECS 434 (45.637°S, 107.255°E [Kroopnick, 1985]).…”

Section: Benthic Foraminifera and Paleoenvironmental Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e GEOSECS 435 (39.952°S, 109.97°E [Kroopnick, 1985]). f GEOSECS 434 (45.637°S, 107.255°E [Kroopnick, 1985]). g Station 52 (44.01°S, 29.96°E [Archambeau et al, 1998]).…”

Section: Benthic Foraminifera and Paleoenvironmental Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoceanography of the southern Agulhas Plateau during the last 150 ka: Inferences from benthic foraminiferal assemblages and multispecies epifaunal carbon isotopes

et al. 2007

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[1] Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the carbon isotope composition of the epifaunal benthic foraminifera Epistominella exigua and Fontbotia wuellerstorfi have been investigated along core MD02-2589 located at the southern Agulhas Plateau (41°26.03 0 S, 25°15.30 0 E, 2660 m water depth). This study aims to evaluate changes in the benthic paleoenvironment and its influence on benthic d 13 C with a notable focus on E. exigua, a species associated with phytodetritus deposits and poorly studied in isotope paleoceanographic reconstructions. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages (>63 mm) show large fluctuations in species composition suggesting significant changes in the pattern of ocean surface productivity conceivably related to migrations of the Subtropical Convergence (STC) and Subantarctic Front (SAF). Low to moderate seasonality and relatively higher food supply to the seafloor are indicated during glacial marine isotope stages (MIS) 6, 4, and 2 and during MIS 3, probably associated with the northward migration of the SAF and confluence with the more stationary STC above the southern flank of the Agulhas Plateau. The lowest organic carbon supply to the seafloor is indicated from late MIS 5b to MIS 4 as a consequence of increased influence of the Agulhas Front (AF) and/or weakening of the influence of the STC over the region. Episodic delivery of fresh organic matter, similar to modern conditions at the core location, is indicated during MIS 5c-MIS 5e and at Termination I. Comparison of this paleoenvironmental information with the paired d 13 C records of E. exigua and F. wuellerstorfi suggests that organic carbon offsets d 13 C of E. exigua from ambient bottom water d 13 C DIC , while its d 13 C amplitude, on glacial-interglacial timescales, does not seem affected by changes of organic carbon supply to the seafloor. This suggests that this species calcifies preferentially during the short time span of the year when productivity peaks and phytodetritus is delivered to the seafloor. Therefore E. exigua, while offset from d 13 C DIC , potentially more faithfully records the amplitude of ambient bottom water d 13 C DIC changes than F. wuellerstorfi, notably in settings such as the Southern Ocean that experienced substantial changes through time in the organic carbon supply to the seafloor.Citation: Diz, P., I. R. Hall, R. Zahn, and E. G. Molyneux (2007), Paleoceanography of the southern Agulhas Plateau during the last 150 ka: Inferences from benthic foraminiferal assemblages and multispecies epifaunal carbon isotopes, Paleoceanography, 22, PA4218,

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The distribution of 13C of ΣCO2 in the world oceans

Cited by 960 publications

References 21 publications

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

Bathymetry and productivity of the southern Great Basin seaway, Nevada, USA: An evaluation of isotope and trace element chemistry in mid-Carboniferous and modern brachiopods

Paleoceanography of the southern Agulhas Plateau during the last 150 ka: Inferences from benthic foraminiferal assemblages and multispecies epifaunal carbon isotopes

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