The distribution and status of <i>Acorus</i> (Araceae) in Canada

Packer, John G.; Ringius, Gordon S.

doi:10.1139/b84-305

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Triploids, however, can be identified based on their sterility. Packer and Ringius [18] studied the stainability of pollen from as many as about 280 herbarium specimens of Acorus from Canada and provided convincing evidence that sterile triploids can be recognized based on their nonstaining pollen. Thompson [21] studied as many as 352 specimens from North America and came to the same conclusion.…”

Section: Ploidy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only way of resolving the taxonomic identity of Schott's species names is through the identification of type specimens among historical herbarium collections, by inferring characters missing in Schott's description from this material. Fortunately, earlier studies revealed clear correlations between plant fertility, leaf anatomy, and ploidy levels in Acorus [10,18,32,[35][36][37]. The use of these characters should provide a link between cytotypes and Schott's species names.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many subsequent treatments [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] admitted only two species of Acorus, namely, A. calamus L. and A. gramineus Sol. ex Aiton, both described long before Schott in the 18th century [15,16], though this two-species taxonomic system has not been fully established because some experts accepted further species in the A. calamus group [17][18][19][20][21][22] or in the A. gramineus group [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Taxonomists that adhere to narrow species concepts may consider accepting at least some of Schott's species, but correct interpretation of his species names requires plenty of effort [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Schott worked long before the emergence of plant cytotaxonomy, he provided no data on ploidy levels. In contrast, the basic idea of classification of the A. calamus group developed during the 20th century implied recognizing diploids, triploids, and tetraploids as varieties [10,32,33] or species [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inference of Ploidy Level in 19th-Century Historical Herbarium Specimens Reveals the Identity of Five Acorus Species Described by Schott

et al. 2023

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Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794–1865) was one of the pioneering researchers in the taxonomy of the species-rich monocot family Araceae. He described numerous new plant species in various genera, including Acorus, which is currently segregated as a monogeneric family and order occupying a position sister to the rest of the monocots. While describing his new species of Acorus, Schott mostly used characters that are currently considered of low, if any, taxonomic value. His descriptions lack some key characters including, for obvious reasons, chromosome numbers. Therefore, Schott’s species concepts cannot be properly interpreted according to the current understanding of the taxonomic diversity of Acorus, even though his species names must be examined for implementation of the principle of nomenclatural priority. The only way of resolving the taxonomic identity of Schott’s species names is through the identification of type specimens among historical herbarium collections, by inferring taxonomically significant characters that are missing in Schott’s descriptions. On the basis of herbarium collections of the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg (LE), we were able to infer ploidy levels of the materials used by Schott to describe Acorus triqueter (diploid, Siberia), A. tatarinowii (tetraploid, China), A. nilaghirensis (tetraploid, India), A. griffithii (tetraploid, Bhutan), and A. commutatus (tetraploid, Bhutan). Leaf anatomy and pollen stainability were used as cytotype markers. All five species belong to the polymorphic Acorus calamus complex that comprises important medicinal plants. Detailed historical and nomenclatural analyses of Schott’s species names and herbarium collections are provided.

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Section: Ploidy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inference of Ploidy Level in 19th-Century Historical Herbarium Specimens Reveals the Identity of Five Acorus Species Described by Schott

et al. 2023

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“…Detailed studies of North American material (Packer & Ringius, 1984; Thompson, 1995, 2000, see also Kaplan, 1970) revealed a clear and easy‐to‐interpret pattern with two cytotypes, which were taxonomically recognized as separate species, Acorus americanus (diploid) and A. calamus (triploid). Diploids are native and mainly occur in the northern part of North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diploids and tetraploids of Acorus (Acoraceae) in temperate Asia are pseudocryptic species with clear differences in micromorphology, DNA sequences and distribution patterns, but shared pollination biology

Sokoloff,

Degtjareva,

Skaptsov

et al. 2024

TAXON

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Commonly considered bispecific, Acorus is one of the most phylogenetically isolated angiosperm genera that forms the order Acorales sister to the rest of the monocots. The Acorus calamus group is widely distributed in the Holarctic regions of Eurasia and America and has strong medicinal and other practical uses since prehistoric times. Earlier studies interpreted native diploids and invasive triploids occurring in North America as two species that differed in morphology and distribution ranges. In contrast, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids occurring in Eurasia are commonly interpreted as one species because they reportedly cannot be distinguished in collections. We resolve the controversy over taxonomic concepts between Eurasia and America and provide the first detailed multidisciplinary account of Acorus in temperate Asia. We used plastid and nuclear markers, leaf anatomy, seed micromorphology, pollen stainability, flow cytometry, and direct chromosome counts. Diploids and tetraploids show stable molecular and micromorphological differences. Triploids are their sterile hybrids, with the plastid genome inherited from the diploid parent. Diploids of America and Asia tend to differ in leaf characters. Coadaptative coexistence with pollinating beetles Platamartus jakowlewi and Sibirhelus corpulentus (Kateretidae) is conserved between diploids and tetraploids and over a distance of 4700 km between Japan and Western Siberia. Diploids are self‐compatible and can set seeds in the absence of kateretid beetles. Tetraploids are self‐incompatible and/or cannot set seeds in the absence of Platamartus and Sibirhelus. Diploids (A. americanus) and tetraploids (A. verus) are two biological species; the former has two subspecies. Acorus calamus should be restricted to triploids; it apparently first evolved in temperate Asia. Diploids mostly occur in much cooler climates than triploids and tetraploids. Accessions of A. verus and A. calamus from tropical Asia are apparently derived from ancient introductions. Our data provide a new framework for the pharmacological use of Acorus.

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Seed Bank of a Freshwater Tidal Wetland: Turnover and Relationship to Vegetation Change

Leck

Simpson

1987

American J of Botany

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Depletion during spring germination (turnover), longevity, and successional relationships were studied at High Marsh (HM), Cattail (CT), and Shrub Forest (SF) sites in a freshwater tidal wetland over three years. There was significant seasonal reduction in size and composition of seed banks from all sites. Turnover was greatest in HM surface (0–2 cm) samples where 29 x more seeds germinated in March than in June. In CT and SF samples turnover was considerably less. Magnitude (34–97%) was related to species composition and factors affecting field germination. Decrease in density with depth (0–10 cm) was log‐linear in March samples. Except for SF 30–32 cm, few seeds and species were found at 8–10, 15–17, or 30–32 cm. Three seed bank strategies were distinguished: (a) complete turnover (Type II, sensu Thompson and Grime 1979), (b) high turnover with some reserve (Type III), and (c) large long‐term seed reserve (Type IV). Longevity of many species appeared to be restricted; 31–56% at each site were present only in surface samples, and 29–52% germinated only in March samples. Although some species were important at all three sites, the seed bank composition of each was distinct, and was related to vegetation composition at each site. Because the bulk of the seed bank at each site resembles its site vegetation more than that of another site, it is not possible to predict succession.

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The distribution and status of Acorus (Araceae) in Canada

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Inference of Ploidy Level in 19th-Century Historical Herbarium Specimens Reveals the Identity of Five Acorus Species Described by Schott

Inference of Ploidy Level in 19th-Century Historical Herbarium Specimens Reveals the Identity of Five Acorus Species Described by Schott

Diploids and tetraploids of Acorus (Acoraceae) in temperate Asia are pseudocryptic species with clear differences in micromorphology, DNA sequences and distribution patterns, but shared pollination biology

Seed Bank of a Freshwater Tidal Wetland: Turnover and Relationship to Vegetation Change

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