The distribution and morphology of opioid peptide immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex of rats

McGinty, JF; Kooy, Derek van der; Fe, Bloom

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-04-01104.1984

Cited by 118 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These effects of enadoline are reminiscent of those previously reported for Salvinorin A (2, 3). Taken together, these results suggest that the KOR͞dynorphinergic system functions to modulate human perception and cognition, as might be inferred from detailed anatomical studies of dynorphin peptide distribution studies (43)(44)(45).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Salvinorin A: A potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous κ opioid selective agonist

Roth

Baner

Westkaemper

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

742

739

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Salvia divinorum, whose main active ingredient is the neoclerodane diterpene Salvinorin A, is a hallucinogenic plant in the mint family that has been used in traditional spiritual practices for its psychoactive properties by the Mazatecs of Oaxaca, Mexico. More recently, S. divinorum extracts and Salvinorin A have become more widely used in the U.S. as legal hallucinogens. We discovered that Salvinorin A potently and selectively inhibited 3 H-bremazocine binding to cloned opioid receptors. Salvinorin A had no significant activity against a battery of 50 receptors, transporters, and ion channels and showed a distinctive profile compared with the prototypic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide. Functional studies demonstrated that Salvinorin A is a potent opioid agonist at cloned opioid receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells and at native opioid receptors expressed in guinea pig brain. Importantly, Salvinorin A had no actions at the 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor, the principal molecular target responsible for the actions of classical hallucinogens. Salvinorin A thus represents, to our knowledge, the first naturally occurring nonnitrogenous opioid-receptor subtype-selective agonist. Because Salvinorin A is a psychotomimetic selective for opioid receptors, opioid-selective antagonists may represent novel psychotherapeutic compounds for diseases manifested by perceptual distortions (e.g., schizophrenia, dementia, and bipolar disorders). Additionally, these results suggest that opioid receptors play a prominent role in the modulation of human perception.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Salvinorin A: A potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous κ opioid selective agonist

Roth

Baner

Westkaemper

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

742

739

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Previously, it has been noted that enkephalinimmunoreactive cells are more prominent in the insular cortex than in other areas of neocortex (McGinty et al, 1984), and our results are consistent with this finding. Our data also reveal the novel observation that, among the enkephalin-containing neurons in lamina II/III, approximately one-third also contained GABA immunoreactivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…DOI 10.1002/cne other cortical regions ( Fig. 2; McGinty et al, 1984). With reference to the RAIC, the distribution of prodynorphin dorsally in the somatosensory cortex consisted of intensely immunolabeled cell bodies in laminae II/III and IV, approximately 10 -12.5 m at their widest diameter and usually with bipolar features, although some were multipolar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Organization of endogenous opioids in the rostral agranular insular cortex of the rat

Evans

Bey

Burkey

et al. 2006

J of Comparative Neurology

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The rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) of rats has opioid receptors and has been implicated in the analgesic and reinforcing effects of opiates. To help in understanding the function of endogenous opioids in this structure, we sought to identify and describe the opioid peptides intrinsic to the RAIC by using immunohistochemical methods. Immunolabeling for proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor to beta-endorphin, and endomorphin 1 and 2 on sectioned rat forebrain revealed limited labeling consisting of individual varicose fibers. Immunolabeling for prodynorphin and enkephalin revealed numerous immunopositive cell bodies and fibers with distribution and morphology unique to each. Prodynorphin-immunopositive cell bodies consisted of two types: large, lightly labeled, pyramidal-shaped cell bodies in lamina V and more intensely labeled, small, ovoid cell bodies scattered in other lamina. Axonal fibers immunolabeled for prodynorphin varied in size and were found in all lamina. Immunolabeling for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was rarely found in dynorphin-containing cell bodies (6%, 10/167) but was visible within a subpopulation of axons. Enkephalin immunolabeling was detected within a single morphological subpopulation of nonpyramidal neurons located predominantly in lamina II/III, 30% (33/109) of which were also GABA immunopositive. Axons immunolabeled for enkephalin were also abundant in lamina II/III. These results suggest that dynorphin and enkephalin peptides are the predominant endogenous opioids in the RAIC and their distinct distributions suggest divergent functional roles. The localization of prodynorphin immunoreactivity to pyramidal cells suggests the possibility that this neuropeptide may be used in RAIC projection neurons, whereas enkephalin distribution was more characteristic of a role in local networks.

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“…It is interesting that enkephalins are in these afferents (Gall et al, 1981;McGinty et al, 1984). Moreover, cholinergic receptor activation can regulate the release of enkephalin (Landwehrmeyer et al, 1995;Radcliffe et al, 1999;Vizi and Lendvai, 1999).…”

Section: Vacht-ir Presynaptic Profiles Contained Er␣ Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular relationships between cholinergic terminals and estrogen receptor‐α in the dorsal hippocampus

Towart

Alves

Znamensky

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

105

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Cholinergic septohippocampal neurons are affected by circulating estrogens. Previously, we found that extranuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) immunoreactivity in presynaptic profiles had an overlapping distribution with cholinergic afferents in the rat hippocampal formation. To determine the subcellular relationships between cholinergic presynaptic profiles and ERalpha, hippocampal sections were dually immunolabeled for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and ERalpha and examined by electron microscopy. Within the hippocampal formation, immunoreactivities for VAChT and ERalpha both were presynaptic, although their subcellular targeting was distinct. VAChT immunoreactivity was found exclusively within presynaptic profiles and was associated with small synaptic vesicles, which usually filled axon terminals. VAChT-labeled presynaptic profiles were most concentrated in stratum oriens of the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate inner molecular layer and hilus. In contrast, ERalpha immunoreactivity was found in clusters affiliated either with select vesicles or with the plasmalemma within preterminal axons and axon terminals. ERalpha-immunoreactive (IR) presynaptic profiles were more evenly distributed between hippocampal lamina than VAChT-IR profiles. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis revealed that VAChT-IR presynaptic profiles contained ERalpha immunoreactivity (ranging from 3% to 17%, depending on the lamina). Additionally, VAChT-IR presynaptic profiles apposed ERalpha-IR dendritic spines, presynaptic profiles, and glial profiles; many of the latter two types of profiles abutted unlabeled dendritic spines that received asymmetric (excitatory-type) synapses from unlabeled terminals. The presence of ERalpha immunoreactivity in cholinergic terminals suggests that estrogen could rapidly and directly affect the local release and/or uptake of acetylcholine. The affiliation of cholinergic terminals with excitatory terminals near ERalpha-labeled dendritic spines or glial profiles suggests that alterations in acetylcholine release could indirectly affect estrogen-modulated structural plasticity.

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The distribution and morphology of opioid peptide immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex of rats

Cited by 118 publications

References 68 publications

Salvinorin A: A potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous κ opioid selective agonist

Salvinorin A: A potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous κ opioid selective agonist

Organization of endogenous opioids in the rostral agranular insular cortex of the rat

Subcellular relationships between cholinergic terminals and estrogen receptor‐α in the dorsal hippocampus

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