The distribution and habitat associations of non‐native plant species in urban riparian habitats

Maskell, Lindsay C.; Bullock, James M.; Smart, Simon M.; Thompson, Ken; Hulme, Philip E.

doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02471.x

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Species pools of non-native taxa are frequent in urban parks, gardens, and other green spaces which increases their likelihood of dispersal to riparian zones (Aronson, Patel, O'Neill, & Ehrenfeld, 2017;Grella et al, 2018). In that sense, our results are in line with others showing that non-native species richness of plants gradually increases with higher proportion of built-up land cover (Guida-Johnson et al, 2017;Maskell et al, 2006;McKinney, 2006).…”

Section: Riparian Plant Diversity and Communitiessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The disruption of urban stream networks, together with the lack of headwaters, can therefore modify the riparian community structure along the entire stream network due to the lack of upstream source populations and decreased potential for hydrochory (dispersal by water), both of which have been shown to drive downstream riparian plant community composition and diversity patterns in forested landscapes (Kuglerová, Jansson, Sponseller, Laudon, & Malm-Renöfält, 2015;Nilsson et al, 1994). These effects are exacerbated by forest fragmentation and overland dispersal from species pools situated in urban parks, gardens, and other human-made habitats, which can contribute novel non-native species (Maskell, Bullock, Smart, Thompson, & Hulme, 2006;Moffatt, McLachlan, & Kenkel, 2004;Rouquette et al, 2013;Schwoertzig, Poulin, Hardion, & Trémolières, 2016). Finally, soils in urban riparian areas are exposed to extensive loads of sediment as well as organic and inorganic pollutants and contaminants (Kaushal & Belt, 2012;Wenger et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of scale, land‐use, and stream network properties for riparian plant communities along an urban gradient

et al. 2019

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Riparian forests along urban streams are affected by flashy hydrological regimes and adjacent upland land‐use, and their downstream dynamics are altered by forest fragmentation and by frequent river network truncation. This can lead to lower riparian habitat quality, decreased dispersal along the river network and increased recruitment of novel plant communities including non‐native species. Compared to forested landscapes, our understanding of riparian plant community diversity and composition along urban river networks is poor. We investigated riparian plant communities and riparian habitat variables along seven river networks situated along an urban gradient in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Six land‐use metrics classifying the intensity of urbanisation on three spatial scales (sub‐catchment, upstream riparian buffer, site buffer) were tested to explain the variation in riparian plant communities along the river networks and to describe the differences in riparian habitat. Riparian plant diversity peaked at sites which had between 40% and 70% of built‐up land cover within sub‐catchments; however, these communities contained a large number of non‐native species compared to the forested streams. While total species richness and native species richness were more related to river network factors (catchment area), non‐native richness was also affected by land‐use within a site. Community composition was more related to local land‐use than catchment area. Geographical distance between sites (both overland and hydrological) was increasingly more important for community heterogeneity along the urbanisation gradient. Riparian habitat worsened along the urbanisation gradient, with higher disturbance and soil pH and lower soil organic content and bryophyte cover in the more urban catchments. Riparian habitat variables were also related to the position along the river networks. Our results provide important insights into how riparian plant communities and riparian habitat differ along a gradient of urbanisation. Compared to previous studies we investigated the patterns in riparian vegetation in the context of river networks, including a variety of land‐use metrics, and analysed data across different spatial scales. This revealed important trends in plant diversity, demonstrated that urban land‐use increases the occurrence of non‐native species, and showed that the land‐use at the local scale is a stronger determinant of plant assemblages compared to land‐use at broader scales. These novel findings can be applied to land management in order to mitigate the effects of urbanisation on riparian ecosystems and the functions they provide for adjacent streams and rivers.

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Section: Riparian Plant Diversity and Communitiessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of scale, land‐use, and stream network properties for riparian plant communities along an urban gradient

et al. 2019

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“…Several studies have shown that many species invade alluvial and coastal habitats (e.g. Planty‐Tabacchi et al ., ; Chytrý et al ., , ; Maskell et al ., ; Pyšek et al ., ). These habitats occur in all macroclimatic regions, and their vegetation is azonal, determined mainly by local factors; therefore, their species composition is more similar across different climatic zones than that of zonal habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patterns of incidence of alien species in different habitat types (further habitats) have become an important topic of research, because habitats considerably affect the spread of alien species and they are also convenient units for management and control of plant invasions (Richardson & Pyšek, ). Habitats differ in terms of the numbers or percentages of alien or invasive species that have established there (level of invasion; Chytrý et al ., ; Maskell et al ., ; Vilà et al ., ; Kelly et al ., ; Jauni & Hyvönen, ), but the pattern of the mean levels of invasion of particular habitats tends to be relatively constant in different biogeographical regions (Chytrý et al ., ). This indicates that the level of invasion may depend on the same set of factors throughout large geographical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Where do they come from and where do they go?European natural habitats as donors of invasive alien plants globally

Kalusová

Chytrý

Kartesz³

et al. 2012

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim The percentage of alien species found in a given habitat depends on the habitat vulnerability to invasion (invasibility) and the number of species introduced (propagule pressure). However, the global pool of alien species suited to a given habitat also varies. Here, we identify donor habitats of invasive alien plant species originating from Europe, examine the match between habitats they occupy in Europe and recipient areas and test whether donor habitats of invasive plants tend to be vulnerable or resistant to invasions.Location Europe (source area), North America and the World (recipient areas).Methods Native European vascular plants invasive in North America and other parts of the World were identified for 35 European natural habitats. Percentages of species invasive outside Europe, of the total number of native species occurring in each European habitat, were used to compare these habitats as donors for invasion. Habitat preferences of European species in their recipient areas were compared with those in Europe.Results European alluvial forests, alder carrs and coastal sand-dunes harbour the highest percentages of native species that are invasive outside Europe. Outside their native range, European species tend to invade habitats that are similar to their donor habitats in Europe, but species of alluvial and coastal habitats also frequently invade other habitats. European habitats that are important donors of invasive species globally experience the highest levels of invasion by alien species from other regions; this relationship was, however, not confirmed for invasions to North America if considered separately.Main conclusions Some European habitats are more important donors of invasive plants than others. Therefore, the level of invasion of different habitats is affected also by the differences in the number of invasive species provided by various donor habitats. At a global scale, more important donor habitats are also likely to be more invaded.

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“…0.5). Riparian areas are known to be vulnerable to invasion by alien species, especially when subjected to human-induced disturbances (Aguiar et al, 2001;Parks et al, 2005;Maskell et al, 2006). We therefore included the distance of each plot to the nearest permanent river (a large natural permanent flowing water body) or stream (a perennial or intermittent tributary of a permanent river), as defined in the New Zealand River Environment Classification (REC; Ministry for the Environment, 2010).…”

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental gradients shift the direction of the relationship between native and alien plant species richness

Tomasetto

Duncan

Hulme

2012

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim To assess how environmental, biotic and anthropogenic factors shape native–alien plant species richness relationships across a heterogeneous landscape. Location Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. Methods We integrated a comprehensive floristic survey of over 1200 systematically located 6 × 6 m plots, with corresponding climate, environmental and anthropogenic data. General linear models examined variation in native and alien plant species richness across the entire landscape, between native‐ and alien‐dominated plots, and within separate elevational bands. Results Across all plots, there was a significant negative correlation between native and alien species richness, but this relationship differed within subsets of the data: the correlation was positive in alien‐dominated plots but negative in native‐dominated plots. Within separate elevational bands, native and alien species richness were positively correlated at lower elevations, but negatively correlated at higher elevations. Alien species richness tended to be high across the elevation gradient but peaked in warmer, mid‐ to low‐elevation sites, while native species richness increased linearly with elevation. The negative relationship between native and alien species richness in native‐dominated communities reflected a land‐use gradient with low native and high alien richness in more heavily modified native‐dominated vegetation. In contrast, native and alien richness were positively correlated in very heavily modified alien‐dominated plots, most likely due to covariation along a gradient of management intensity. Main conclusions Both positive and negative native–alien richness relationships can occur across the same landscape, depending on the plant community and the underlying human and environmental gradients examined. Human habitat modification, which is often confounded with environmental variation, can result in high alien and low native species richness in areas still dominated by native species. In the most heavily human modified areas, dominated by alien species, both native and alien species may be responding to similar underlying gradients.

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The distribution and habitat associations of non‐native plant species in urban riparian habitats

Cited by 72 publications

References 47 publications

Importance of scale, land‐use, and stream network properties for riparian plant communities along an urban gradient

Importance of scale, land‐use, and stream network properties for riparian plant communities along an urban gradient

Where do they come from and where do they go?European natural habitats as donors of invasive alien plants globally

Environmental gradients shift the direction of the relationship between native and alien plant species richness

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