The Distressed (Type D) Personality Is Independently Associated With Tinnitus: A Case–Control Study

A confirmatory factor analytic validation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

“…Partly large [57] and partly moderate correlations [44] were found. Contradictory results were also found in regard to associations between tinnitus distress and personality dimensions [39,58,59]. Only for the relation between neuroticism and tinnitus distress consistently, significantly positive correlations were identified [39,59].…”

The “Emotional Side” of Subjective Tinnitus

“…Type D personality has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorders, hypertension, sudden cardiac arrest, development of cancer, and more widely with all-cause mortality (Denollet, 2005). Bartels et al (2010) studied personality trait in 265 patients with chronic tinnitus and the results were compared with a group of ENT patients without tinnitus. Patients demonstrated a higher level of neuroticism, negative affectivity and social inhibition and a lower level of extraversion and emotional stability than controls.…”

Tinnitus-related Distress: A Review of Recent Findings

“…Personality factors are also associated with TRD [21]. These factors include type D personality [22], which involves experience of negative emotions and social inhibition or, in terms of the five-factor model of personality, high neuroticism and low extraversion [21].…”

“…These factors include type D personality [22], which involves experience of negative emotions and social inhibition or, in terms of the five-factor model of personality, high neuroticism and low extraversion [21]. Theorists originally postulated that type D personality was involved in coronary heart disease [23].…”

“…Theorists originally postulated that type D personality was involved in coronary heart disease [23]. Individuals with this personality type tend to have low levels of social support [21]. Type D personality is associated with poor adjustment to many types of health problems [23].…”