The distinction between living and dead plant tissue—Viability tests in cold hardiness research

Calkins, James B.; Swanson, Bert T.

doi:10.1016/0011-2240(90)90012-s

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Visual discoloration is an effective indicator of loss of tissue viability following freezing (Calkins and Swanson, 1990) and was used in the present study to assess cold damage to stems and buds. The stems and buds were cut lengthwise and each sample was scored visually.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Díaz

Johnsen²,

Fernández-López

2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Genetic variation in freezing resistance was evaluated among and within six populations of Spanish wild chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller). The extent to which frost susceptibility was related to phenology and the relationship between population differentiation and climatic conditions was studied.• Twigs were collected in March and November from saplings (5-year-old trees) of 41 openpollinated families from the six populations in a provenance-progeny test, and were subjected to artificial freezing. Damage to each twig was assessed as visible browning of bud and of stem tissues.• Population differences as regards frost damage traits were highly significant (p < 0.01) in both spring and autumn. Family differences within populations were low, often non-significant, and in all cases smaller than differences among populations. Population means were closely correlated with the parental drought and frost conditions. Populations originating from dry areas or from regions where frost seldom occurs were the least resistant.• Drought is suggested to be the one of the most important selective agents that shapes population differentiation in Spanish wild chestnut, while frost may be more important in northern Spain. Phenological differences are not always good predictors of the degree of frost damage. Thus, freezing tests should be used to detect frost susceptibility in chestnuts.Mots-clés : châtaignier sauvage / variation génétique / test de congélation / caractéristiques phénologiques / résistance au gel Résumé -Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa.• La variation génétique de la résistance au gel a été évaluée entre et dans six populations espagnoles sauvages de châtaignier (Castanea sativa Miller). L'ampleur avec laquelle la sensibilité au gel est liée à la phénologie et aux relations entre la différenciation de la population et les conditions climatiques a été étudiée.• Des rameaux ont été recueillis en mars et novembre à partir de jeunes arbres (âgés de 5 ans) de 41 familles à pollinisation libre issues de six populations en test de descendances/provenances, et ont été soumis à une congélation artificielle. Les dommages à chaque rameau ont été évalués par le brunissement visible des bourgeons et des tissus de la tige.• Les différences entre population pour ce qui concerne les dégâts causés par le gel sont très significatifs (p < 0.01) au printemps et en automne. Les différences entre familles dans les populations sont faibles, souvent non significatives, et dans tous les cas plus petites que les différences parmi les populations. Les moyennes des populations sont étroitement corrélées avec les conditions de séche-resse et de gel auxquelles sont soumis les parents.Les populations originaires des régions sèches ou de régions où le gel se produit rarement sont les moins résistantes.• On suggère que la sécheresse est l'un des plus importants agents sélectifs qui forme la différencia-tion dans la population espagnole de chât...

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Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Díaz

Johnsen²,

Fernández-López

2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…To quantify the increase in freezing tolerance, electrolyte leakage was measured following freezing treatment. Electrolyte leakage from frozen and thawed tissues is a sensitive indicator of loss of integrity of the plasmalemma and has been commonly used to assay freezing injury (for review, see Calkins and Swanson, 1990). The electrolyte leakage assay was applied to both nonacclimated and cold-acclimated leaf tissues of transgenic lines 3 and 8, those autoregulated PR and COR genes.…”

Section: Capf1 Overexpression Confers Tolerance To Pathogens and Freementioning

confidence: 99%

The Pepper Transcription FactorCaPF1Confers Pathogen and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis

et al. 2004

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An ERF/AP2-type transcription factor (CaPF1) was isolated by differential-display reverse transcription-PCR, following inoculation of the soybean pustule pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines 8ra, which induces hypersensitive response in pepper (Capsicum annuum) leaves. CaPF1 mRNA was induced under conditions of biotic and abiotic stress. Higher levels of CaPF1 transcripts were observed in disease-resistant tissue compared with susceptible tissue. CaPF1 expression was additionally induced using various treatment regimes, including ethephon, methyl jasmonate, and cold stress. To determine the role of CaPF1 in plants, transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing higher levels of CaPF1 were generated. Gene expression analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco revealed that the CaPF1 level in transgenic plants affects expression of genes that contain either a GCC or a CRT/DRE box in their promoter regions. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing CaPF1 displayed tolerance against freezing temperatures and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Disease tolerance was additionally observed in CaPF1 transgenic tobacco plants. The results collectively indicate that CaPF1 is an ERF/AP2 transcription factor in hot pepper plants that may play dual roles in response to biotic and abiotic stress in plants.

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“…We utilize the first exotherm because this represents freezing of xylem water which is part of the apoplastic water fraction (Burke et at. 1976;Calkins & Swanson 1990). …”

Section: Tissue Freezing Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of subcanopy light environment on the hydraulic vulnerability of Rhododendron maximum to freeze‐thaw cycles and drought

Lipp¹,

Nilsen

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

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;>M; ; ^ i KThe vulnerability of xylem to embolism development in Rhododendron maximum L., an evergreen diffuse-porous shrub, was investigated in relation to the frequency of winter freeze-thaw cycles in high and low light sites of the Eastern US. Though the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles during the winter was lower in North Carolina than in Virginia, the hydraulic conductivity of 3-year-old branches was reduced by up to 60% by winter embolism development in North Carolina compared to less than 30% in Virginia. Generally, small vessel diameters and volumes were associated with a significant resistance to embolism formation resulting from repeated freeze-thaws of xylem sap. In stems grown in high light sites (gaps), larger vessel volumes, and greater diameter growth of stems were associated with a significantly higher degree of freeze-thaw embolism development than in those grown in the low light sites. Thus, the growth patterns of R. maximum stems, under conditions of higher light availability, rendered them more susceptible to freeze-thaw-induced embolisms. Vulnerability to drought-induced embolism in stems was not affected by light environment. Rhododendron maximum was relatively sensitive to drought-induced embolism because 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred at a water potential of -2*2 MPa. The distribution and gas exchange of/?, maximum are constrained by the dual effects of freeze-thaw cycles and drought on vascular function.

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The distinction between living and dead plant tissue—Viability tests in cold hardiness research

Cited by 43 publications

References 117 publications

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

The Pepper Transcription FactorCaPF1Confers Pathogen and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis

The impact of subcanopy light environment on the hydraulic vulnerability of Rhododendron maximum to freeze‐thaw cycles and drought

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