The dissolution of dementia praecox

Bumke, Oswald

doi:10.1177/0957154x9300401307

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Starting with the rediscovery of microglia in the 1960s, the wider availability of immunohistochemical staining techniques for microglia in the early 1990s led to the gradual recognition that the brain was not an “immune‐privileged” organ and catalyzed the evolution of the “neuroinflammation” concept. Since then, the “neuroinflammation” concept has found steadily broadening applications, including to illnesses that traditionally have been accompanied by disagreement in regard to construct validity and nosology, such as schizophrenia . Somewhat similarly, the notion of “translocation” in the context of TSPO was able to gather the many strands of evidence into a more unified theory, where previously the role of TSPO could best be described as “enigmatic” .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 18 kDa Translocator Protein, Microglia and Neuroinflammation

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is expressed in the injured brain. It has become known as an imaging marker of "neuroinflammation" indicating active disease, and is best interpreted as a nondiagnostic biomarker and disease staging tool that refers to histopathology rather than disease etiology. The therapeutic potential of TSPO as a drug target is mostly based on the understanding that it is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein required for the translocation of cholesterol, which thus regulates the rate of steroid synthesis. This pivotal role together with the evolutionary conservation of TSPO has underpinned the belief that any loss or mutation of TSPO should be associated with significant physiological deficits or be outright incompatible with life. However, against prediction, full Tspo knockout mice are viable and across their lifespan do not show the phenotype expected if cholesterol transport and steroid synthesis were significantly impaired. Thus, the "translocation" function of TSPO remains to be better substantiated. Here, we discuss the literature before and after the introduction of the new nomenclature for TSPO and review some of the newer findings. In light of the controversy surrounding the function of TSPO, we emphasize the continued importance of identifying compounds with confirmed selectivity and suggest that TSPO expression is analyzed within specific disease contexts rather than merely equated with the reified concept of "neuroinflammation."

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 18 kDa Translocator Protein, Microglia and Neuroinflammation

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development of biomarkers in neuropsychiatry has been hampered, not only by limited technologies, but also by an undue emphasis on promoting diagnostically specific markers or pseudo‐diagnostic markers (eg, endophenotypes). These approaches have ignored longstanding questions about the construct validity of the major diagnostic entities in psychiatry, 51 , 52 and have not translated into better health outcomes for patients or their families. By contrast, there has been a lack of attention to potential markers of ongoing contributory risks, disease progression or treatment selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic signposts: using biomarkers to guide better treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Bánati

Hickie

2009

Medical Journal of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose that various measures of brain structure or function, gene expression and proteomic technologies can be used to guide better treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. These measures are not used to establish a specific diagnosis. Their purpose is to predict variations in underlying illness activity that predict severity, course of clinical illness, or other morbidity. We propose a new instrument that uses a composite scoring system of systemic biomarkers of illness‐related changes in health status: the Brain and Mind Research Institute Biomarker Index. This may permit comparison of biological dysfunction among patients who are at similar points in their illness or have similar clinical features. A specific example of the use of a novel positron emission tomography marker of progressive brain disease in patients with schizophrenia is described.

show abstract

“…Mental disorders which are 'functional' in this sense can and must shade off into normal human psychology. (Bumke, 1924(Bumke, /1993 Bumke tended not to include schizophrenia in this functional spectrum, differing from Bleuler and Kretschmer regarding its functional continuum with normality, that is, their view of schizophrenia as a morbid condensation of normal mental reactions (Bumke, 1924(Bumke, /1993. However, in addition to seeing schizoidia as premorbid to schizophrenia, Bleuler (1922) indeed uncovered its probable relevant 'biological functions' (p. 381) in 'normal character ' (p. 378), in his words: 'independence from the environment', 'adaptation through inventions/creations', 'opportunity for reflections and modifications', 'can postpone or sublimate a drive', 'can vigorously pursue ideal aspirations', 'the most important innovations in our cultural life', 'a perception distance and a perception slope/gradient', 'can fragment himself and observe in detail', 'able to confront his own feelings', 'the same expressed in poetry and art', 'capable of much finer and more differentiated (up to refined) feelings', 'having an idea represented by symbols', 'abstraction', 'philosophical thinking ', 'sharp logicians', 'originals', 'tenacity' and 'powerful people' (pp.…”

Section: Additional Historical Support For the Interrelatedness Of Pe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mental disorders which are ‘functional’ in this sense can and must shade off into normal human psychology. (Bumke, 1924/1993: 134, original italics)…”

Section: Additional Historical Support For the Interrelatedness Of Pe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and mental disorders: sensitive character, melancholic type, and addenda

Daker

2023

Hist Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A traditional view in psychiatry is that personality disorders or traits are intimately related to primary mental disorders. Psychic functions with common roots might be constitutive of personality and psychosis or other disorders. Hoche held that paranoia, mania and melancholia lie in the normal psyche, and Kraepelin conceded such a view, explicitly implying personality. According to Carl Schneider, endogenous symptom complexes or associations and normal functional associations are fuzzy. Many other psychopathologists emphasize personality characteristics in connection with endogenous or functional psychoses, such as the sensitive and melancholic types. When adopting a continuum view of mental disorders, they behave in a unitary or systemic configuration, corresponding to endogenous-functional dispositions interacting with the milieu and composing personality.

show abstract

The dissolution of dementia praecox

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The 18 kDa Translocator Protein, Microglia and Neuroinflammation

The 18 kDa Translocator Protein, Microglia and Neuroinflammation

Therapeutic signposts: using biomarkers to guide better treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Personality and mental disorders: sensitive character, melancholic type, and addenda

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About