The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size

Mozurkewich, M.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90356-4

Cited by 297 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…While the results show reasonably quantitative conversion of NaNO 3 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 seems to be either overestimated by the TRANC-CLD or underestimated by the TDMPS. In contrast to the other two aerosol species, NH 4 NO 3 is semi-volatile under ambient conditions, forming a thermodynamic equilibrium with gaseous NH 3 and HNO 3 (Stelson et al, 1979;Mozurkewich, 1993;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006). For normal chamber air conditions (temperature of about 20 • C and relative humidity of about 50 %), the gaseous NH 3 and HNO 3 fraction may be significant.…”

Section: Aerosol Particle Conversion Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Marx¹,

Brümmer

Ammann

et al. 2012

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. The input and loss of plant available nitrogen (reactive nitrogen: N r ) from/to the atmosphere can be an important factor for the productivity of ecosystems and thus for its carbon and greenhouse gas exchange. We present a novel converter for reactive nitrogen (TRANC: Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter), which offers the opportunity to quantify the sum of all airborne reactive nitrogen compounds ( N r ) in high time resolution. The basic concept of the TRANC is the full conversion of all N r to nitrogen monoxide (NO) within two reaction steps. Initially, reduced N r compounds are being oxidised, and oxidised N r compounds are thermally converted to lower oxidation states. Particulate N r is being sublimated and oxidised or reduced afterwards. In a second step, remaining higher nitrogen oxides or those generated in the first step are catalytically converted to NO with carbon monoxide used as reduction gas. The converter is combined with a fast response chemiluminescence detector (CLD) for NO analysis and its performance was tested for the most relevant gaseous and particulate N r species under both laboratory and field conditions. Recovery rates during laboratory tests for NH 3 and NO 2 were found to be 95 and 99 %, respectively, and 97 % when the two gases were combined. In-field longterm stability over an 11-month period was approved by a value of 91 % for NO 2 . Effective conversion was also found for ammonium and nitrate containing particles. The recovery rate of total ambient N r was tested against the sum of individual measurements of NH 3 , HNO 3 , HONO, NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and NO x using a combination of different well-established devices. The results show that the TRANC-CLD system precisely captures fluctuations in N r concentrations and also matches the sum of all individual N r compounds measured by the different single techniques. The TRANC features a specific design with very short distance between the sample air inlet and the place where the thermal and catalytic conversions to NO occur. This assures a short residence time of the sample air inside the instrument, and minimises wall sorption problems of water soluble compounds. The fast response time (e-folding times of 0.30 to 0.35 s were found during concentration step changes) and high accuracy in capturing the dominant N r species enables the converter to be used in an eddy covariance setup. Although a source attribution of specific N r compounds is not possible, the TRANC is a new reliable tool for permanent measurements of the net N r flux between ecosystem and atmosphere at a relatively low maintenance and reasonable cost level allowing for diurnal, seasonal and annual investigations.

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Section: Aerosol Particle Conversion Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Marx¹,

Brümmer

Ammann

et al. 2012

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Furthermore, it has been well documented that ammonium nitrate volatilization from a Teflon substrate is greater during the warmer summer season as opposed to cooler winter conditions. [36][37][38][39][40] Nitrate volatilization as high as 90% in the summer and as low as 10% in the winter has been reported. However, even though more nitrate is retained on a fractional basis in the winter months, on an absolute basis the nitrate loss during the winter may be greater than summer.…”

Section: Comparison Of Reconstructed To Measured Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in PM_2.5 Gravimetric and Speciation Measurements and What We Can Learn from Them

Malm

Schichtel

Pitchford

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

119

108

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“…Size distribution Mozurkewich (1993) sections, and physical processes, i.e. coagulation, condensation/evaporation, cloud chemistry, heterogeneous reactions and sea-salt emissions.…”

Section: The Sensitivity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

MICS Asia Phase II—Sensitivity to the aerosol module

Sartelet

Hayami

Sportisse

2008

Atmospheric Environment

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In the framework of the model inter-comparison study -Asia Phase II (MICS2), where eight models are compared over East Asia, this paper studies the influence of different parameterizations used in the aerosol module on the aerosol concentrations of sulfate and nitrate in PM 10 .An intracomparison of aerosol concentrations is done for March 2001 using different configurations of the aerosol module of one of the model used for the intercomparison. Single modifications of a reference setup for model configurations are performed and compared to a reference case. These modifications concern the size distribution, i.e. the number of sections, and physical processes, i.e. coagulation, condensation/evaporation, cloud chemistry, heterogeneous reactions and sea-salt emissions.Comparing monthly averaged concentrations at different stations, the importance of each parameterization is first assessed. It is found that sulfate concentrations are little sensitive to sea-salt emissions and to whether condensation is computed dynamically or by assuming thermodynamic equilibrium. Nitrate concentrations are little sensitive to cloud chemistry. However, a very high sensitivity to heterogeneous reactions is observed.Thereafter, the variability of the aerosol concentrations to the use of different chemistry transport models (CTMs) and the variability to the use of different parameterizations in the aerosol module are compared. For sulfate, the variability to the use of different parameterizations in the aerosol module is lower than the variability to the use of different CTMs. However, for nitrate, for monthly averaged concentrations averaged over four stations, these two variabilities have the same order of magnitude.

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The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size

Cited by 297 publications

References 38 publications

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Uncertainties in PM_2.5 Gravimetric and Speciation Measurements and What We Can Learn from Them

MICS Asia Phase II—Sensitivity to the aerosol module

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The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size

Cited by 297 publications

References 38 publications

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen

Uncertainties in PM2.5 Gravimetric and Speciation Measurements and What We Can Learn from Them

MICS Asia Phase II—Sensitivity to the aerosol module

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Uncertainties in PM_2.5 Gravimetric and Speciation Measurements and What We Can Learn from Them