The Dispersion State of Tangled Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Affects Their Cytotoxicity

Kuroda, Chika; Haniu, Hisao; Ajima, Kumiko; Tanaka, Manabu; Sobajima, Atsushi; Ishida, Haruka; Tsukahara, Tamotsu; Matsuda, Yoshikazu; Kato, Hiroyuki

doi:10.3390/nano6110219

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In our previous studies, we reported that different types of CNTs were incorporated into cells 31 and that the same CNTs affected the uptake into cells due to the dispersed state of particles. 21 In this study, like our previous study, we found that the aggregated CNT was incorporated into RAW264 cells, but that the amount of material taken up differed dramatically between highly dispersed FT9110 and CNHs showing the Notes: cultured raW264 cells were exposed to FT9110 at 10 µg/ml. The control was medium containing each dispersant only.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Evaluation of highly dispersed CNTs and aggregated tangled CNTs using carcinogenic human bronchus cells demonstrated that only aggregated CNTs were taken up by cells and showed growth suppression. 21 However, for macrophages, which are believed to affect the carcinogenicity of CNTs, 19 few studies have investigated the effects of fully dispersed tangled CNTs on cell proliferation and immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different aggregation and shape characteristics of carbon materials affect biological responses in RAW264 cells

Kuroda

Ueda

Haniu

et al. 2018

IJN

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IntroductionCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have various shapes, including needle-like shapes and curled shapes, and the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of CNTs differ depending on their shapes and surface modifications. However, the biological responses induced by CNTs and related mechanisms according to the dispersion state of CNTs have not been extensively studied.Materials and methodsWe prepared multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) showing different dispersions and evaluated these MWCNTs in RAW264 cells to determine cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and immune responses. Furthermore, RAW264 cells were also used to compare the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of fibrous MWCNTs and spherical carbon nanohorns (CNHs) exhibiting the same degree of dispersion.ResultsOur analysis showed that the cellular uptake, localization, and inflammatory responses of MWCNTs differed depending on the dispersion state. Moreover, there were differences in uptake between MWCNTs and CNHs, even showing the same degree of dispersion. These findings suggested that receptors related to cytotoxicity and immune responses differed depending on the aggregated state of MWCNTs and surface modification with a dispersant. Furthermore, our results suggested that the receptors recognized by the cells differed depending on the particle shape.ConclusionTherefore, to apply MWCNTs as a biomaterial, it is important to determine the carcinogenicity and toxicity of the CNTs and to examine different biological responses induced by varying shapes, dispersion states, and surface modifications of particles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different aggregation and shape characteristics of carbon materials affect biological responses in RAW264 cells

Kuroda

Ueda

Haniu

et al. 2018

IJN

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“…The oxidation of MWCNTs’ surface increases their solubility and dispersion rate [ 45 ]. It was also shown that better dispersion decreases the cytotoxity of MWCNTs [ 46 ]. In the present work we have shown for the first time that MWCNTs degrade mostly from the inner side upon sodium hypochlorite treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall Thickness of Industrial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Is Not a Crucial Factor for Their Degradation by Sodium Hypochlorite

et al. 2018

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The propensity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for biodegradation is important for their safe use in medical and technological applications. Here, we compared the oxidative degradation of two samples of industrial-grade MWCNTs—we called them MWCNT-d and MWCNT-t—upon their treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The MWCNTs had a similar inner diameter but they differed about 2-fold in the outer diameter. Electron microscopy combined with morphometric analysis revealed the different degradation of the two types of MWCNTs after their incubation with NaOCl—the thicker MWCNT-d were damaged more significantly than the thinner MWCNT-t. The both types of MWCNTs degraded at the inner side, but only MWCNT-d lost a significant number of the outer graphitic layers. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that both MWCNTs had a similar high defectiveness. Using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, we have shown that the more degradable MWCNT-d contained the same level of oxygen as MWCNT-t, but more metal impurities. The obtained results suggest that the biodegradability of MWCNTs depends not only on the wall thickness but also on the defects and impurities. Thus, the biodegradability can be regulated by the synthesis conditions or the post-synthesis modifications. Such degradation flexibility may be important for both medical and industrial applications.

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“…We have already reported that the dispersion state of CNMs affects some cell lines differently [29,30]; accordingly, we first examined the dispersion state of the CNMs used in the aqueous solution. The sonicated CNMs were measured with a Zetasizer Nano ZS first (Table 1), and their shapes were observed with a TEM (Figure 1).…”

Section: Characterization Of Dispersed Cnmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Responses of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Carbon Nanomaterials

et al. 2020

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One of the greatest challenges to overcome in the pursuit of the medical application of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is safety. Particularly, when considering the use of CNMs in drug delivery systems (DDSs), evaluation of safety at the accumulation site is an essential step. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of carbon nanohorns (CNHs), which are potential DDSs, using human lymph node endothelial cells that have been reported to accumulate CNMs, as a comparison to fibrous, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and particulate carbon black (CB). The effect of different surface characteristics was also evaluated using two types of CNHs (untreated and oxidized). In the fibrous MWCNT, cell growth suppression, as well as expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was observed, as in previous reports. In contrast, no significant toxicity was observed for particulate CB and CNHs, which was different from the report of CB cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells. These results show that (1) lymph endothelial cells need to be tested separately from other endothelial cells for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, and (2) the potential of CNHs as DDSs.

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The Dispersion State of Tangled Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Affects Their Cytotoxicity

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Different aggregation and shape characteristics of carbon materials affect biological responses in RAW264 cells

Different aggregation and shape characteristics of carbon materials affect biological responses in RAW264 cells

Wall Thickness of Industrial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Is Not a Crucial Factor for Their Degradation by Sodium Hypochlorite

Cellular Responses of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Carbon Nanomaterials

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