The Disorder of Consciousness in Schizophrenia

Anscombe, Roderick

doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.241

Cited by 226 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…To begin with, the consensus opinion that schizophrenia represents a disorder of attention (e.g., Anscombe, 1987;Braff, 1993;Mirsky & Duncan, 1986;Nuechterlein & Dawson, 1984) requires a confirmation that LI, at least in part, is indeed governed by such processes. This position gains support from experiments that demonstrate that generating LI in adult humans requires a masking task in the preexposure stage, and that LI is modulated by the difficulty (load) of the masking task.…”

Section: Theoretical Issues For Latent Inhibition and Their Implicatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence and Cognitive Control

Chuderski

Nęcka²

2010

Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition

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Section: Theoretical Issues For Latent Inhibition and Their Implicatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence and Cognitive Control

Chuderski

Nęcka²

2010

Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition

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“…However, current research is clearly not restricted to this domain, and the presumed abnormality is claimed to underlie a much wider range of behaviours and experiences characteristic of schizophrenia. Thus, Anscombe (1987) argued that "perceptions are not placed in a context of background knowledge" (p. 256). In similar vein, Hemsley (1994) suggested that it is a failure of context to activate appropriate schema to guide processing that is crucial to the emergence of some forms of delusional beliefs.…”

Section: Commentary/phillipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of biological and psychological perspectives on cognitive coordination in schizophrenia

Phillips¹,

Silverstein²

2003

Behav Brain Sci

378

314

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Cognitive neuroscience provides a new conceptual framework for psychiatry by showing how psychological processes arise from neuronal activity (Kandel 1998). Conversely, it is possible that psychiatry will influence the future development of cognitive neuroscience by encouraging a better balance between localist and holistic conceptions of brain function. An apparent conflict between these conceptions has been central to the development of neuroscience, with the emphasis upon locally specialized functions emerging as clearly dominant. Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging all show that different regions of the brain process information about different things, and that different cells within regions deal with different aspects of those things. Recent developments in experimental and theoretical neurobiology, however, are leading to an increased emphasis upon interactions that coordinate the activity of locally specialized processors. Here we argue that impairment of these coor-BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2003) Abstract:The concept of locally specialized functions dominates research on higher brain function and its disorders. Locally specialized functions must be complemented by processes that coordinate those functions, however, and impairment of coordinating processes may be central to some psychotic conditions. Evidence for processes that coordinate activity is provided by neurobiological and psychological studies of contextual disambiguation and dynamic grouping. Mechanisms by which this important class of cognitive functions could be achieved include those long-range connections within and between cortical regions that activate synaptic channels via NMDAreceptors, and which control gain through their voltage-dependent mode of operation. An impairment of these mechanisms is central to PCP-psychosis, and the cognitive capabilities that they could provide are impaired in some forms of schizophrenia. We conclude that impaired cognitive coordination due to reduced ion flow through NMDA-channels is involved in schizophrenia, and we suggest that it may also be involved in other disorders. This perspective suggests several ways in which further research could enhance our understanding of cognitive coordination, its neural basis, and its relevance to psychopathology.Keywords: attention; cerebral cortex; cognitive coordination; cognitive neuropsychiatry; cognitive neuropsychology; context disorganization; Gamma rhythms; Gestalt theory; glutamate; grouping; memory; NMDA-receptors; PCP-psychosis; perceptual organization; schizophrenia William A. Phillips, Ph.D., is Professor of Neuropsychology at the University of Stirling, Scotland UK. He has published more than 70 papers on vision, visual memory, perceptual learning, childrens drawings, the effects of brain damage on reading and writing, and the theory of neuronal computation. He was a founder and the first Director of the Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience at the University of Stirling.Steven M. Silverstein, Ph.D., is A...

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“…A part from these symptoms, schizophrenic patients also display a number of attentional impairments, which have already been described by Bleuler in 1911. It is assumed that the underlying neural m echanism s and brain structures involved in this im pairm ent are representative for the disorder in general (Anscombe 1987;Frith 1992). Moreover, these attentional impairments have been used to model (aspects) of schizophrenia in animals (Ellenbroek and Cools 1990;Weiner 1991, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine in latent inhibition as measured with the conditioned taste aversion paradigm

Ellenbroek¹,

Knobbout²,

Cools³

1997

Psychopharmacology

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Repeatedly presenting a non-reinforced stim ulus normally retards conditioning to this stimulus when it is coupled to a reinforcer. This phenomenon is called latent inhibition. Since latent inhibition is disturbed after systemic administration of am pheta mine, the present study investigated the role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine terminal fields in latent inhibition using a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. In this paradigm, a 5% sucrose solution was used as the test stimulus and lithium chloride (LiCl) as the CTA inducing drug. The degree of CTA was assessed by measuring the sucrose prefer ence in a two-bottle sucrose/water choice paradigm 24 h after the LiCl injection. Since conditioned taste aversion has so far not been used to evaluate the role of dopamine in latent inhibition, we first studied the effects of systemic application of amphetamine. The results show that intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 or 0.5 mg /leg ¿/-amphetamine sulphate (given at preexposure and conditioning) significantly disrupted latent inhibition, by selectively reducing sucrose preference in the preexposed group. This could not be attributed to a reduced sucrose intake during preex posure or to a conditioned taste aversion effect of am phetamine itself, In experiment 2 local bilateral administration of 10 |xg/0.5 jil amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens or the dorsal striatum was given in the pre-exposed and the conditioning phase, after which the rats were allowed to drink for a fixed period of time. The results show a significant reduction in latent inhibition after intrastriatal, but not after intra-accumbens injections of amphetamine. Intraaccumbens injections of amphetamine, however, significantly reduced fluid intake during preexposure and conditioning. In experiment 3, we therefore repeated this experiment, but allowed the animals to drink only a restricted am o u n t of liquid during preex posure and conditioning. Again the results show a dis ruption of latent inhibition after intrastriatal, but not intra-accumbens injections of amphetamine. These experiments emphasize the importance of the nigro striatal dopamine system in the disruption of latent inhibition, at least when using the conditioned taste aversion paradigm. A possible mechanism by which the dorsal striatum m ight influence latent inhibition is discussed.

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The Disorder of Consciousness in Schizophrenia

Cited by 226 publications

References 107 publications

Intelligence and Cognitive Control

Intelligence and Cognitive Control

Convergence of biological and psychological perspectives on cognitive coordination in schizophrenia

The role of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine in latent inhibition as measured with the conditioned taste aversion paradigm

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