The discovery of the elements. XI. Some elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: Zirconium, titanium, cerium, and thorium

Weeks, Mary Elvira

doi:10.1021/ed009p1231

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Since the radii of Ti and Nb atoms are nearly the same [18,19] and total dissolution of Nb in Ti-β-phase is possible, [7] the Nb atom can easily replace Ti atom in β-Ti without causing significant lattice distortion. Therefore, it has little effect on the tensile strength of the alloys.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Kind of Biomedical Ti–Mn–Nb Alloy

Zhang

Wang

Pyczak

et al. 2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant biomaterials due to their well mechanical properties and biological compatibilities. Nb and Mn are well‐known alloying elements with biological potential. Herein, the Ti–Mn–Nb phase equilibria at 900 °C (Ti‐rich region) is determined and published. According to the β single‐phase field in this phase diagram (at 900 °C), Ti–xMn–yNb (x = 4, 10, 16; y = 2, 8, 14, at%) alloys are selected and fabricated which are suited for solution heat treatment. The Ti–Mn–Nb alloys are investigated by optical microscopy (OM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical testing. A unique diffraction pattern (interpreted as occurrence of a transition phase) is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in Ti–10Mn–2Nb. In the in vitro evaluation, the human osteoblasts (MG63) adhere well and proliferate on the surface of Ti–xMn–yNb (x = 4, 10; y = 2, 8, 14, at%). According to cell culture experiments, the alloys are nontoxic to human osteosarcoma cells in comparison with pure titanium. Based on a performed screening study, different titanium alloys Ti–4Mn–yNb (y = 2, 8, 14) appear as the biomaterial with the highest potential around 700 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 9–10% elongation.

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Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Kind of Biomedical Ti–Mn–Nb Alloy

Zhang

Wang

Pyczak

et al. 2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Discovery of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements

Orna

Fontani

2018

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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When, in 1899, the close friend and colleague of Marie and Pierre Curie, André Louis Debierne, announced the discovery of actinium, he could not imagine that this element would become the first of a group of key elements for understanding atomic structure. A theoretical basis, an initially empirical periodic table, for the systematic study of the atom had been laid down many years earlier by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev in 1869. It turned out to be a tool that could be used to predict what Mendeleev discerned as “missing elements,” elegantly confirmed by the discoveries of gallium in 1875, scandium in 1879, and finally germanium in 1886. Over the course of the following 60 years, a series of discoveries were made that began to reveal the modern picture of the structure of the atom. In chronological order, these were cathode rays, emission spectra, canal rays (protons), X‐rays, radioactivity, the electron, α, β, and γ rays, Planck's law, the photoelectric effect, the atomic nucleus, isotopes, Bohr model of atomic structure, atomic number, and the neutron. It gradually became clear that the number of nuclear protons equaled the nuclear charge and conferred on each atom its unique identity. This allowed scientists to determine how many elements existed in nature, namely 92. It also allowed them to devise experiments to push the envelope beyond 92—to actually create new elements by bombarding and combining the existing atomic nuclei, thus expanding the original periodic table to 118 elements. The impact of these discoveries has changed the course of history. The story of Debierne's discovery, actinium, and the 29 elements that follow it are the subject of this article and this volume.

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A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation

Xing

2018

Small Methods

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Metallothermic reduction reactions (MRRs) are displacement reactions that use reactive metals to reduce compounds so that metals, alloys, nonmetal elementary substances, and composites are produced, often in a scalable manner. In recent years, nonmetal materials, mainly silicon and carbon, particularly in their nanostructured forms obtained using an MRR with magnesium as the reductant, have started to attract much attention. However, reactions using other metals as the reductant have not been widely investigated yet. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms and their controlling factors remain unclear, and much more effort is needed to advance this emerging field. Here, MRR preparation methods for metals, alloys, nanoporous silicon, nanoporous carbon, and composites are discussed as an introduction for new researchers in this field.

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The discovery of the elements. XI. Some elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: Zirconium, titanium, cerium, and thorium

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

A New Kind of Biomedical Ti–Mn–Nb Alloy

A New Kind of Biomedical Ti–Mn–Nb Alloy

Discovery of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements

A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation

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