The discovery of novel antivirals for the treatment of mpox: is drug repurposing the answer?

Ezat, Ahmed A.; Abduljalil, Jameel M.; Elghareib, Ahmed M.; Samir, Ahmed; Elfiky, Abdo A.

doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2199980

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…In an effort to identify molecules able of inhibiting viral entry or the replication of orthopoxviruses, certain drugs already used for tumor‐related conditions, such as imatinib and mitoxantrone, as well as antibiotics like rifampicin have also been suggested 29 . Drug repurposing, 30 computational approaches, 31 and artificial intelligence 32 have also been used to suggest new therapeutic options for MPXV infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the monkeypox outbreak in the South of Spain

Casimiro‐Soriguer,

Perez‐Florido,

Lara

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimUntil the May 2022 Monkeypox (MPXV) outbreak, which spread rapidly to many non‐endemic countries, the virus was considered a viral zoonosis limited to some African countries. The Andalusian circuit of genomic surveillance was rapidly applied to characterize the MPXV outbreak in the South of Spain.MethodsWhole genome sequencing was used to obtain the genomic profiles of samples collected across the south of Spain, representative of all the provinces of Andalusia. Phylogenetic analysis was used to study the relationship of the isolates and the available sequences of the 2022 outbreak.ResultsWhole genome sequencing of a total of 160 MPXV viruses from the different provinces that reported cases were obtained. Interestingly, we report the sequences of MPXV viruses obtained from two patients who died. While one of the isolates bore no noteworthy mutations that explain a potential heightened virulence, in another patient the second consecutive genome sequence, performed after the administration of tecovirimat, uncovered a mutation within the A0A7H0DN30 gene, known to be a prime target for tecovirimat in its Vaccinia counterpart. In general, a low number of mutations were observed in the sequences reported, which were very similar to the reference of the 2022 outbreak (OX044336), as expected from a DNA virus. The samples likely correspond to several introductions of the circulating MPXV viruses from the last outbreak. The virus sequenced from one of the two patients that died presented a mutation in a gene that bears potential connections to drug resistance. This mutation was absent in the initial sequencing before treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the monkeypox outbreak in the South of Spain

Casimiro‐Soriguer,

Perez‐Florido,

Lara

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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“…While several compounds appear to exhibit in vitro activity against orthopoxviruses [41][42][43], our review exclusively concentrated on three antiviral agents for which there is a more substantial body of literature during the last Mpox outbreaks in 2022: namely, tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir. The role of Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous (VIGIV) and recommended or investigational vaccines extends beyond the scope of this narrative review's purpose.…”

Section: Therapeutic Options Against Mpxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunocompromised individuals, including those with suppressed immune systems such as PLWH, may experience a more subtle disease progression characterized by multiple localized lesions that can give rise to complications [40]. Consequently, during the 2022 outbreak, antiviral medications that had previously demonstrated efficacy against orthopoxviruses were employed [41]. Notably, tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir were among the agents used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirals against Monkeypox (Mpox) in Humans: An Updated Narrative Review

Bruno,

Buccoliero

2023

Life

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As of 29 August 2023, a total of 89,596 confirmed cases of Mpox (monkeypox) have been documented across 114 countries worldwide, with 157 reported fatalities. The Mpox outbreak that transpired in 2022 predominantly affected young men who have sex with men (MSM). While most cases exhibited a mild clinical course, individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with HIV infection and possessing a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3, experienced a more severe clinical trajectory marked by heightened morbidity and mortality. The approach to managing Mpox is primarily symptomatic and supportive. However, in instances characterized by severe or complicated manifestations, the utilization of antiviral medications becomes necessary. Despite tecovirimat’s lack of official approval by the FDA for treating Mpox in humans, a wealth of positive clinical experiences exists, pending the outcomes of ongoing clinical trials. Brincidofovir and cidofovir have also been administered in select cases due to the unavailability of tecovirimat. Within the scope of this narrative review, our objective was to delve into the clinical attributes of Mpox and explore observational studies that shed light on the utilization of these antiviral agents.

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“…Drug repurposing of clinically approved drugs against the variola and vaccinia viruses is likely to be effective against MPXV [85]. Antivirals such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir, which are FDA-approved first-line treatments for smallpox, may also be used to treat Mpox [86]. These drugs work by blocking the virus's ability to replicate.…”

Section: Management Of Mpox Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Landscape of Health Research Priorities for Effective Pandemic Preparedness in Human Mpox Virus Disease

Aggarwal,

Agarwal,

Nigam

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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The global re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox) in non-endemic regions in 2022 has highlighted the critical importance of timely virus detection and robust public health surveillance in assessing outbreaks and their impact. Despite significant Mpox research being conducted worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize key research areas in order to create a roadmap that maximizes the utilization of available resources. The present research article provides a comprehensive mapping of health research priorities aimed at advancing our understanding of Mpox and developing effective interventions for managing its outbreaks, and, as evidenced by the fact that achieving this objective requires close interdisciplinary collaboration. The key research priorities observed were identifying variants responsible for outbreaks; discovering novel biomarkers for diagnostics; establishing suitable animal models; investigating reservoirs and transmission routes; promoting the One Health approach; identifying targets for vaccination; gaining insight into the attitudes, experiences, and practices of key communities, including stigma; and ensuring equity during public health emergencies. The findings of this study hold significant implications for decision making by multilateral partners, including research funders, public health practitioners, policy makers, clinicians, and civil society, which will facilitate the development of a comprehensive plan not only for Mpox but also for other similar life-threatening viral infections.

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The discovery of novel antivirals for the treatment of mpox: is drug repurposing the answer?

Cited by 8 publications

References 95 publications

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the monkeypox outbreak in the South of Spain

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the monkeypox outbreak in the South of Spain

Antivirals against Monkeypox (Mpox) in Humans: An Updated Narrative Review

Mapping the Landscape of Health Research Priorities for Effective Pandemic Preparedness in Human Mpox Virus Disease

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