The Discovery and Development of Natural-Based Biomaterials with Demonstrated Wound Healing Properties: A Reliable Approach in Clinical Trials

Abstract

Current research across the globe still focuses strongly on naturally derived biomaterials in various fields, particularly wound care. There is a need for more effective therapies that will address the physiological deficiencies underlying chronic wound treatment. The use of moist bioactive scaffolds has significantly increased healing rates compared to local and traditional treatments. However, failure to heal or prolonging the wound healing process results in increased financial and social stress imposed on health institutions, caregivers, patients, and their families. The urgent need to identify practical, safe, and cost-effective wound healing scaffolding from nature-based biomaterials that can be introduced into clinical practice is unequivocal. Naturally derived products have long been used in wound healing; however, clinical trial evaluations of these therapies are still in their infancy. Additionally, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of nature-based biomaterials in treating wounds. Thus, the focus of this review is to describe the current insight, the latest discoveries in selected nature-based wound healing implant products, the possible action mechanisms, and an approach to clinical studies. We explore several tested products undergoing clinical trials as a novel approach to counteract the debilitating effects of impaired wound healing.

Green Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Bovine Serum Albumin for Linezolid Drug Delivery as Potential Wound Healing Biomaterial: Bio-Synergistic Approach, Antibacterial Activity, and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation

“…As shown in Figure 4 , the XRD pattern reveals a distinct broad diffraction peak located at 2 θ = 24.01°, corresponding to interlayer spacing in graphite (0.34 nm) [ 15 ]. This finding indicates the amorphous carbon phase of BCDs nano-biocarrier without any crystalline phases and could attribute to the introduction of more oxygen-containing groups [ 1 , 45 ]. Furthermore, the results confirm that the BCDs nano-biocarrier exhibit graphitic nature with highly disordered carbon atoms, hence containing graphite-like structures [ 14 , 46 ].…”

“…The total global number of skin injury cases has substantial healthcare ramifications, as it represents almost 50% of the world’s yearly expenditure in the aspect of healthcare [ 1 ]. Understandably, wound healing is well-known to be one of the most critical challenges in medical society [ 2 ].…”

Biomaterials for immunomodulation in wound healing

“…The presence of nanofibrous networks, nanoparticles and micro-pores significantly influences interactions between NEUs and macrophages, angiogenesis and overall tissue regeneration [ 141 ]. Naturally derived polymers, which resemble the fibrous ECM, hold great promise in maintaining material functionality and fostering positive inflammatory responses [ 142 ]. These responses ultimately lead to tissue regeneration without fibrosis.…”

A sustainable and self-healable silk fibroin nanocomposite with antibacterial and drug eluting properties for 3D printed wound dressings

“…Skin injuries can have a significant impact on an individual's overall health and well-being, particularly when it comes to full-thickness, acute, and chronic wounds. 1 A complex series of interactions between various cell types, cytokine mediators, and the extracellular matrix necessitate appropriate treatments for successful wound healing. 2 Therefore, the development of well-designed dressings that act as protective coatings, while promoting rapid wound closure and accelerated healing and causing minimal scarring, is important for healthcare systems.…”