The Direction of Time. By Hans Reichenbach. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1972. Pp. vii, 280. Paper, $4.50.

Chapman, Tobias

doi:10.1017/s0012217300028183

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Among the eventually included cases, we counted individuals notified from the laboratories as “captures” and individuals notified by the departments (either directly or through the National Patient Registry or MS Registry) as “recaptured.” We used the Chapman 19 estimator, which is regarded to be less biased with small sample sizes (figure 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide prevalence and incidence study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo estimate the nationwide population-based incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Denmark based on the 2015 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND) criteria.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, historically prospective study. Data were sourced from the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, departments of neurology, and laboratories providing aquaporin-4 antibody test. Cases were selected based on the 2006 Wingerchuk and the 2015 IPND criteria and were individually validated by an expert panel.ResultsWe confirmed NMO in 30 cases (2006 criteria) and NMOSD in 56 cases (2015 IPND criteria) between 2007 and 2014. Defined by the 2006 criteria, the incidence of NMO was 0.029 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.014–0.051), and the prevalence (aged 16 years and older) was 0.566 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.370–0.830). Based on the 2015 IPND criteria, the incidence of NMOSD was 0.070 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 0.046–0.102), and the prevalence (aged 16 years and older) was 1.09 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.808–1.440), without regional differences.ConclusionsOur estimates of incidence and prevalence are similar to other Caucasian population–based studies using the 2015 IPND criteria. We found no geographical clustering in Denmark.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide prevalence and incidence study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark

et al. 2018

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“… 56 Mark-recapture analysis followed the Lincoln-Petersen and Modified Petersen methods 57 , 58 with 95% confidence intervals calculated following Chapman. 59 Burden analysis was performed in PLINK/SEQ to implement BURDEN and VTTEST with empirical P -values estimated using permutation. Genotyping of the replication and familial samples was performed by the Edinburgh Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Genetics Core using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay C__33950433_10 with concurrent genotyping of known heterozygotes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

708 Common and 2010 rare DISC1 locus variants identified in 1542 subjects: analysis for association with psychiatric disorder and cognitive traits

et al. 2013

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A balanced t(1;11) translocation that transects the Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene shows genome-wide significant linkage for schizophrenia and recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) in a single large Scottish family, but genome-wide and exome sequencing-based association studies have not supported a role for DISC1 in psychiatric illness. To explore DISC1 in more detail, we sequenced 528 kb of the DISC1 locus in 653 cases and 889 controls. We report 2718 validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of which 2010 have a minor allele frequency of <1%. Only 38% of these variants are reported in the 1000 Genomes Project European subset. This suggests that many DISC1 SNPs remain undiscovered and are essentially private. Rare coding variants identified exclusively in patients were found in likely functional protein domains. Significant region-wide association was observed between rs16856199 and rMDD (P=0.026, unadjusted P=6.3 × 10−5, OR=3.48). This was not replicated in additional recurrent major depression samples (replication P=0.11). Combined analysis of both the original and replication set supported the original association (P=0.0058, OR=1.46). Evidence for segregation of this variant with disease in families was limited to those of rMDD individuals referred from primary care. Burden analysis for coding and non-coding variants gave nominal associations with diagnosis and measures of mood and cognition. Together, these observations are likely to generalise to other candidate genes for major mental illness and may thus provide guidelines for the design of future studies.

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“…Based on available resources, we determined that we could sample 175 persons per district per round, giving a final sample size of 1225 total. Assuming that 12.5% of 1225 in the first-round participants also participated in the second round, the Chapman capture–recapture-based estimate [ 6 ] for PWID population size would be 9759 (95% CI: 8416–11,103) for the seven sampled districts and 33,460 (95% CI: 28,854–38,067) for the 24 districts in HCMC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated number of PWID in HCMC for each selected district was calculated in two ways. The first was calculated using the raw sample counts with the Chapman estimator [ 6 ]. The second incorporated the RDS study design from the second round using the following formula:

where: N = the estimated PWID population size; n 1 = the number of PWIDs recruited and interviewed in the first-round survey; p 12 = the proportion of PWIDs recruited and interviewed in the second-round survey who also participated in the first round (i.e., the proportion of second-round participants recaptured).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Number of People who Inject Drugs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Findings from a Two-survey Capture–Recapture Population Size Estimation Exercise

Khuu¹,

Nguyen²,

Le³

et al. 2020

JEGH

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Background: HIV/AIDS program managers in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam have always relied on the police reports and the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package for population size estimation of People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). Methods: We used Respondent-driven Sampling (RDS) to implement a two-source capture–recapture study to estimate the population size of PWID in HCMC in 2017. The study was implemented in seven out of 24 districts and included men and women ages 18 years and older who reported injecting illicit drugs in the last 90 days, and who had lived in the city for the past six months. Estimates of the PWID population size for each of the seven districts were calculated accounting for the RDS sampling design. These were then adjusted to account for the district sampling probabilities to give an estimate for HCMC. Chapman two-source capture–recapture estimates of population size, based on simple random sampling assumptions, were also calculated for comparison. Results: The estimates resulted in a population size for HCMC of 19,155 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 17,006–25,039] using the RDS approach and 17,947 (95% CI: 15,968–19,928), using the Chapman approach. Conclusion: The two-survey capture–recapture exercise provided estimates of PWID in HCMC – based on Chapman estimator and RDS approach – are similar. For planning HIV prevention and care service needs among PWID in HCMC, both estimates may need to be taken into consideration together with size estimates from other sources.

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The Direction of Time. By Hans Reichenbach. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1972. Pp. vii, 280. Paper, $4.50.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Nationwide prevalence and incidence study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark

Nationwide prevalence and incidence study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark

708 Common and 2010 rare DISC1 locus variants identified in 1542 subjects: analysis for association with psychiatric disorder and cognitive traits

Estimated Number of People who Inject Drugs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Findings from a Two-survey Capture–Recapture Population Size Estimation Exercise

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