The direct radioimmunoassay of oestrogen glucuronides in human female urine

Baker, Terence S.; Jennison, K M; Kellie, A. E.

doi:10.1042/bj1770729

Cited by 81 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…34-36 The E1G assay developed by O'Connor and colleagues captures meaningful patterns of change with respect to reproductive aging as demonstrated in prior studies of the menopausal transition 37,38 The assay is described in full elsewhere. 38 Measures of urinary E1G in our sample are expressed in ng/mg creatinine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine biomarkers and symptom clusters during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause

et al. 2014

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Objective During the menopausal transition and early postmenopause participants in the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study (SMWHS) were likely to belong to one of three symptom severity classes: severe hot flashes with moderate sleep, mood, cognitive, and pain symptoms (High-severity Hot Flash); moderate levels of all but hot flashes (Moderate Severity); and low levels of all (Low Severity). We tested models of differential effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) biomarkers on the three symptom severity classes. Methods SMWHS participants recorded symptoms monthly in diaries and provided overnight urine samples several times per year that were analyzed for estrone, follicle stimulating hormone, cortisol, testosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Multilevel latent class analysis with multinomial regression was used to determine the effects of HPO, HPA, and ANS biomarkers on symptom severity class membership. Results Having lower estrogen levels and higher FSH levels were associated significantly with belonging to the High-severity Hot Flash vs the Low Severity class. Having lower epinephrine and higher norepinephrine levels increased the likelihood of belonging to the High-severity Hot Flash vs the Low Severity class. Having lower epinephrine levels was associated significantly with belonging to the Moderate Severity vs the Low severity class. Cortisol and testosterone were unrelated to symptom severity class membership. Conclusion Association of HPO biomarkers (estrogen, FSH) with the High-severity Hot Flash class was anticipated based on prior hot flash research and associations of HPA biomarkers were as expected based on earlier laboratory studies. Association of lower epinephrine levels with the Moderate Severity class suggests these symptoms may be mediated by the ANS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine biomarkers and symptom clusters during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause

et al. 2014

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“…Urinary E1G was measured by a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that cross-reacts 83% with estradiol glucuronide, thus measuring both estradiol and estrone in glucuronide forms 29. Baker and colleagues30 found that 17<beta>-estradiol-3-glucuronide is excreted in urine across the menstrual cycle in the same pattern as E1G with a clear mid-cycle peak but at concentrations 5 times lower than E1G. The E1G assay developed by O’Connor and colleagues captures meaningful patterns of change with respect to reproductive aging as demonstrated in prior studies of the menopausal transition31 The assay is described in full elsewhere 29,32…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause

2009

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Aims-Cortisol levels rise among some women during the late stage of the menopausal transition, but we know little about changes in cortisol levels in relation to menopause-related factors (menopausal transition (MT) stage, urinary estrone glucuronide, testosterone, FSH), stress-related factors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, perceived stress), symptoms (hot flashes, mood, memory and sleep), social factors (income adequacy, role burden, social support, employment, parenting, and history of sexual abuse) and health-related factors (depressed mood, perceived health, physical appraisal, BMI, and smoking). Aims were to examine the influence of menopause-related factors, stress-related factors, symptoms, social, and health-related factors on cortisol levels during the menopausal transition.Methods-A subset of Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study participants who provided data during the late reproductive, early and late MT stages or early postmenopause (PM) and who were not using hormone therapy or corticosteroids (N=132 women, up to 5218 observations) including menstrual calendars for staging the MT, annual health reports, health diaries, and overnight urine specimens (assayed for cortisol, catecholamines, estrone glucuronide and FSH) between 1990 and 2005 were included. Perceived stress, symptoms, and health behaviors were assessed in a health diary. Health-related and social factors were assessed in an annual health update. Multilevel modeling was used to test effects of menopause-related and other factors on overnight cortisol levels.Results-When tested with age as a measure of time, menopause-related covariates, including estrone glucuronide (E1G), FSH, and testosterone were associated with significant increases in overnight cortisol levels (p<.0001). Likewise, epinephrine and norepinephrine were each associated significantly with overnight cortisol levels (p<.0001). In multivariate analyses, E1G, FSH, and testosterone constituted the best set of predictors.Conclusions-Overnight cortisol levels during the MT were associated with E1G, testosterone, and FSH levels. In addition, they were significantly and positively associated with epinephrine and norepinephrine. MT stage, symptoms, and social, stress-related, and health-related factors had little relationship to overnight cortisol levels when other biological indicators were considered.Cortisol plays an important role in mobilizing responses to psychobiological load. 1 The diurnal pattern of cortisol is linked to sleep-wake patterns, eating, physical activity, and challenges in life. Beginning in the third decade of life, cortisol levels in women and men increase gradually NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptMenopause. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 July 1. Published in final edited form as:Menopause. 2009 ; 16(4): 708-718. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318198d6b2. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript with age. 2 Moreover, variability in the circadian pattern of cortisol increases as women age. 2,3The integrative functio...

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“…All details including validation of the procedure were published [40]. Urinary “immunoreactive” estriol-3-glucuronide (E3-3G), a biomarker of enterohepatic circulation of estrogens, was determined by radioimmunoassay as described [41] using reagents kindly provided by Drs A. Kellie and P. Samarajeewa. This estriol conjugate is formed exclusively in the mucosal cells of the intestine and thereafter excreted without further metabolism in the urine and may, therefore, serve as a biomarker of the reabsorption of biliary estrogens in the intestine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat/fiber intakes and sex hormones in healthy premenopausal women in USA

Aubertin‐Leheudre

Gorbach

Woods

et al. 2008

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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The mechanisms by which diet affects breast cancer (BC) risk are poorly understood but a positive relationship between fat and a negative association with fiber intake and BC risk have been demonstrated. Here we study the association between dietary fat/fiber ratio and estrogen metabolism. Fifty women were recruited, 22 were included in the low fat/high fiber and 22 were in the high fat/ low fiber and 6 did not meet our criteria. Estrogens (determined in plasma, urine and feces) and dietary records were collected during 3 following days. All data were collected in winter and in summer. The high fat/low fiber group had significantly higher urinary total estrogens, estriol-3-glucuronide, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, and a higher 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio. Total fat intake correlated significantly with plasma estrone, estradiol, urinary 2-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio, and total urinary estrogens, even after adjustment for total fiber intake. The high fat/low fiber diet was associated with high values both for catechol and 16α-hydroxylated estrogens and a high 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio, but 2-hydroxyestrone/16α-hydroxyestrone ratio was not different between the groups. Our results suggest that fat affects estrogen metabolism more than does fiber and that one mechanism resulting in high estrogen values is an increased reabsorption of biliary estrogens.

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The direct radioimmunoassay of oestrogen glucuronides in human female urine

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Endocrine biomarkers and symptom clusters during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause

Endocrine biomarkers and symptom clusters during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause

Cortisol levels during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause

Fat/fiber intakes and sex hormones in healthy premenopausal women in USA

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