The direct interconnection of the UK and Nordic power market – Impact on social welfare and renewable energy integration

Zakeri, Behnam; Price, James; Zeyringer, Marianne; Keppo, Ilkka; Mathiesen, Brian Vad; Syri, Sanna

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.019

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This includes interconnectedness of national energy systems, linkages with non-energy systems, and issues of emission responsibility. Stronger integration of national energy systems could reduce future costs of low carbon infrastructure, and increase system flexibility through grid interconnection (Zakeri et al, 2018). In most national contexts, the current and future impacts of climate change call for a deeper understanding of the importance of wider ecosystem services.…”

Section: Issue 2: Enhancing Model Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling net-zero emissions energy systems requires a change in approach

et al. 2020

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Energy modelling can assist national decision makers in determining strategies that achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, three key challenges for the modelling community are emerging under this radical climate target that needs to be recognized and addressed. A first challenge is the need to represent new mitigation options not currently represented in many energy models. We emphasize here the under representation of end-use sector demand-side options due to the traditional supply side focus of many energy models, along with issues surrounding robustness in deploying carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options. A second challenge concerns the types of models used. We highlight doubts about whether current models provide sufficient relevant insights on system feasibility, actor behaviour, and policy effectiveness. A third challenge concerns how models are applied for policy analyses. Priorities include the need for expanding scenario thinking to incorporate a wider range of uncertainty factors, providing insights on target setting, alignment with broader policy objectives, and improving engagement and transparency of approaches. There is a significant risk that without reconsidering energy modelling approaches, the role that the modelling community can play in providing effective decision support may be reduced. Such support is critical, as countries seek to develop new Nationally Determined Contributions and longer-term strategies over the next few years. Key policy insights. Energy systems that reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions will be radically different to those of today, necessitating a modelling analysis rethink. . On modelled options for mitigation, a range of demand-side measures are often absent resulting in a risk of over-reliance on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and leading to concerns over robustness of corresponding pathways.. Regarding models for policy, there is significant scope for improvements, including the use of scenarios that help imagine the radical change that will be required, techniques for improving the robustness of emerging strategies, and better alignment with broader policy goals.

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Section: Issue 2: Enhancing Model Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling net-zero emissions energy systems requires a change in approach

et al. 2020

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“…This study found that the average annual gas consumption per dwelling was considerably higher than the average electricity consumption. Although it is difficult to forecast future energy prices, it is anticipated that with future projected increase in renewable electricity generation and crossborder market integrations [65,66], the volatility in energy prices could be intensified and this might lead to variations in individuals' energy consumption patterns and their overall energy demand.…”

Section: Applications Of Empirical Load Profiles and Demand Diversity For Designing And Sizing Energy Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing of district heating systems based on smart meter data: Quantifying the aggregated domestic energy demand and demand diversity in the UK

Wang

Crawley

et al. 2020

Energy

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The sizing of district energy systems involves a trade-off between reliability and continuity of service, and avoidance of capital and running costs associated with oversizing. Finding the most appropriate sizing requires a thorough understanding of energy demand. However, empirical data necessary to support such an understanding is scarce, and district energy systems are typically oversized. This study uses smart meter data from the largest field trial to analyse residential energy consumption in the UK. It presents graphically the seasonal and daily variations in energy consumption patterns, the weather dependence of energy loads, and peak hourly demand during particularly cold weather conditions. It also explores the diversity effect in residential energy consumption and computes the after diversity maximum demand at different levels of aggregations. Results show that, peak hourly gas consumption was nearly seven times higher than electricity consumption during the cold spells, while diversity reduced gas and electricity maximum demand per dwelling up to 33% and 47%, respectively. This empirical quantitative analysis of energy demand and diversity can support improved design and operation of district energy, and in particular, enable reduced capital and running costs, and an improved understanding of economies of scale for district heating networks.

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“…Equation (12) represents the conversion law and q jk,t is the heat demand in the DH network n in bidding area k. In order to formulate the problem in linear form, in (12), the heat supply of CHP technology i is coupled to the power supply of CHP technology p i,t by a heat-to-power ratio θ i,t . Equation (13) represents the constraints for the heat supply and H ikn,t is the available heat conversion capacity for the technology i in bidding area k in the DH network n. Finally, Equation 14represents the ramping constraints.…”

Section: Power and District Heating Sector Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended Consequences of National Climate Policy on International Electricity Markets—Case Finland’s Ban on Coal-Fired Generation

et al. 2020

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Finland has adopted a high profile in climate change mitigation. A national target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2035 has been declared. As a part of this, the use of coal for energy purposes has been banned from May 2029 onwards. The Nordic electricity market was a world fore-runner in creating a liberalized, multi-national electricity market in the 1990s. At present, the electricity systems of Finland, Sweden, and Norway are already very low-carbon. The Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania joined the Nordic market about a decade ago. Estonian electricity production is the most carbon-intensive of all the EU countries due to the extensive use of domestic oil shale. Especially Lithuania still suffers from capacity deficit created by the closure of the Soviet time nuclear reactor Ignalina in Lithuania. This paper presents the ambitions of the EU and national level energy and climate policies and models the multi-national impacts of Finland’s forthcoming closure of coal-fired generation. We also take into account Sweden’s planned decrease in nuclear generation. We find that these national-level policies have an impact on the Baltic countries as reduced import possibilities and increasing electricity prices, and the expected rise of the EU CO2 allowance prices amplifies these. We further find that the abandonment of coal and nuclear power plants increases the net import and increases CO2 emissions in neighboring regions.

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The direct interconnection of the UK and Nordic power market – Impact on social welfare and renewable energy integration

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Modelling net-zero emissions energy systems requires a change in approach

Modelling net-zero emissions energy systems requires a change in approach

Sizing of district heating systems based on smart meter data: Quantifying the aggregated domestic energy demand and demand diversity in the UK

Unintended Consequences of National Climate Policy on International Electricity Markets—Case Finland’s Ban on Coal-Fired Generation

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