The dipole flow test: A new single‐borehole test for aquifer characterization

Kabala, Z. J.

doi:10.1029/92wr01820

Cited by 98 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, in order to interpret WBF logging measurements, a transmissivity or hydraulic conductivity estimate obtained through aquifer testing is often required. Likewise, in order to interpret dipole-flow test measurements, a test that estimates the vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity in a single borehole using a three-packer tool [Kabala, 1993;Butler et al, 1998], an estimate of the anisotropy ratio between vertical and radial hydraulic conductivity, is required. Other methods have a more direct interpretation but may provide less reliable estimates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA

Dlubac

Knight

Song

et al. 2013

Water Resources Research

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[1] Hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important parameters of interest in groundwater applications because it quantifies the ease with which water can flow through an aquifer material. Hydraulic conductivity is typically measured by conducting aquifer tests or wellbore flow (WBF) logging. Of interest in our research is the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging to obtain information about water-filled porosity and pore space geometry, the combination of which can be used to estimate K. In this study, we acquired a suite of advanced geophysical logs, aquifer tests, WBF logs, and sidewall cores at the field site in Lexington, Nebraska, which is underlain by the High Plains aquifer. We first used two empirical equations developed for petroleum applications to predict K from NMR logging data: the Schlumberger Doll Research equation (K SDR ) and the Timur-Coates equation (K T-C ), with the standard empirical constants determined for consolidated materials. We upscaled our NMR-derived K estimates to the scale of the WBF-logging K(K WBF-logging ) estimates for comparison. All the upscaled K T-C estimates were within an order of magnitude of K WBF-logging and all of the upscaled K SDR estimates were within 2 orders of magnitude of K WBF-logging . We optimized the fit between the upscaled NMR-derived K and K WBF-logging estimates to determine a set of site-specific empirical constants for the unconsolidated materials at our field site. We conclude that reliable estimates of K can be obtained from NMR logging data, thus providing an alternate method for obtaining estimates of K at high levels of vertical resolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA

Dlubac

Knight

Song

et al. 2013

Water Resources Research

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“…The water flows from the upper production chamber to the injection chamber through the pump and from injection chamber to the production chamber through the porous formation. Dipole flow has been studied in several recent publications [Kabala, 1993; MacDonald and Kitanidis, 1993; Zlotnik andLedder, 1994, 1996]. In these investigations the aquifer is regarded as a deterministic anisotropic formation …”

Section: Dipole Wellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Average steady nonuniform flow in stratified formations

Indelman¹,

Zlotnik²

1997

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. A mathematical model of average nonuniform flow in heterogeneous stratified media is developed. The averaged Darcy's law is obtained by deriving the analytical expression of the effective conductivity tensor for media with small heterogeneities. The fundamental solution of the average flow equation (mean Green function) corresponding to the flow toward a single point source of deterministic discharge is derived. The mean head distribution is calculated for a fully penetrating well, for a finite length well in an infinite domain, and for a dipole well. The concept of equivalent conductivity is defined for use in identifying the formation conductivity properties. The procedure for identifying the mean conductivity, log conductivity variance, and vertical integral scale is suggested for the case of dipole flow.

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“…A radial clean-up zone is created around the well. Previous work on recirculation wells [Philip and Walter, 1992;Kabala, 1993;Herrling et al, 1991;Gvirtzman and Gorelick, 1992] has shown that a single well can achieve a zone of cleanup that extends radially 2 to 3 times the aquifer thickness. Groundwater entering this zone under regional flow conditions will be recycled and cleaned.…”

Section: In-well Vapor Strippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Sonication for In-Well Softening of Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Peters

Manning

Ayyıldız

et al. 2005

ACS Symposium Series

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis project investigates the in-situ degradation of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using in-well sonication, in-well vapor stripping, and bioremediation. Pretreating groundwaters with sonication techniques in-situ would form VOCs that can be effectively removed by in-well vapor stripping and bioremediation. The mechanistic studies focus on the coupling of megasonics and ultrasonics to "soften" (i.e., partially degrade) the SVOCs; oxidative reaction mechanism studies; surface corrosion studies (on the reactor walls/well); enhancement due to addition of oxidants, quantification of the hydroxyl radical formation; identification/quantification of degradation products; volatility/degradability of the treated waters; development of a computer simulation model to describe combined in-well sonication/in-well vapor stripping/bioremediation; systems analysis/economic analysis; large laboratory-scale experiment verification; and field demonstration of the integrated technology. Benefits of this approach include: (1) Remediation is performed in-situ; (2) The treatment systems complement each other; their combination can drastically reduce or remove SVOCs and VOCs; (3) Ability to convert hard-to-degrade organics into more volatile organic compounds; (4) Ability to remove residual VOCs and "softened" SVOCs through the combined action of in-well vapor stripping and biodegradation; (5) Does not require handling or disposing of water at the ground surface; and (6) Cost-effective and improved efficiency, resulting in shortened clean-up times to remediate a site.This study examined the ability of an integrated treatment system involving combined sonication and vapor stripping to remove/destroy chlorinated organic compounds from groundwater.The chlorinated solvents studied included carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), trichloroethylene (TCE), trichlorethane (TCA), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Contaminant concentrations studied ranged from ~1 to ~100 mg/L. Sonication/vapor stripping experiments were performed in a reactor used to treat the chlorinated organic contaminants in groundwater employing sonication alone, vapor stripping alone, and combined sonication/vapor stripping. The sonicator has an ultrasonic frequency of 20-kHz; the applied power intensity was 12.3-, 25.3-, and 35.8-W/cm 2 . The batch reactions were operated normally for up to 10 minutes treatment time, with samples drawn for GC analysis every 2 minutes. Air injection rates (for the vapor stripping) were nominally 0-(sonication alone), 500-, 1000-, and 1500-mL/min. In the continuous flow studies, the residence time in the reactor was set at 5, 8, and 10 minutes.Results were obtained from batch experiments performed on the various chlorinated organic contaminants (CCl 4 , TCE, TCA, and PCE) using sonication alone, vapor stripping alone, and combined sonication/vapor stripping. For all four chlorinated solvent species, the first order rate constants were in the range of 0.02 to 0.06 min -1 , 0.23 to 0.53 min ...

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The dipole flow test: A new single‐borehole test for aquifer characterization

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA

Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA

Average steady nonuniform flow in stratified formations

Use of Sonication for In-Well Softening of Semivolatile Organic Compounds

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