The Dimensions of Spirituality

Greenwald, Deborah F.; Harder, David W.

doi:10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3.975

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They also used an abbreviated form of Osgood's Semantic Differential, however, confining the report to correlational patterns of positive and negative perception (Zinnbauer et al, 1997, p. 557). Greenwald & Harder's (2003) study included 147 respondents (70% female; age range: 17-59 y) in the USA with various ethnic and religious backgrounds who rated 122 adjectives according to their association with 'spiritual'/'nonspiritual' on a 5-point scale from 'definitely not spiritual' to 'definitely spiritual' and then performed a principal component analyses (PCA) to identify factors. Based on their sample of mostly New England college undergraduates, they presented the factors: Loving Connection to Others, Self-Effacing Altruism, Blissful Transcendence, and Religiosity/Sacredness.…”

Section: Semantics Of Spiritualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Semantics of ‘Spirituality’ and Related Self-Identifications: A Comparative Study in Germany and the USA

Keller

Klein

Swhajor-Biesemann

et al. 2013

Archive for the Psychology of Religion

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SummaryCulturally different connotations of basic concepts challenge the comparative study of religion. Do persons in Germany or in the United States refer to the same concepts when talking about 'spirituality' and 'religion'? Does it make a difference how they identify themselves? The Bielefeld-Chattanooga Cross-Cultural Study on 'Spirituality' includes a semantic differential approach for the comparison of self-identified "neither religious nor spiritual", "religious", and "spiritual" persons regarding semantic attributes attached to the concepts 'religion' and 'spirituality' in each research context. Results show that 'spirituality' is used as a broader concept than 'religion'. Regarding religion, semantics attributed by self-identified religious persons differ significantly from those of the spiritual persons. The 'spiritual' and the 'religious' groups agree on semantics attributed to spirituality but differ from the 'neither spiritual nor religious' group. Qualifications of differences and agreements become visible from the comparison between the United States and Germany. It is argued for the semantically sensitive study of culturally situated 'spiritualities'.

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Section: Semantics Of Spiritualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Semantics of ‘Spirituality’ and Related Self-Identifications: A Comparative Study in Germany and the USA

Keller

Klein

Swhajor-Biesemann

et al. 2013

Archive for the Psychology of Religion

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“…We have initial, but not suffi cient, semantic assessments from previous research (Zinnbauer et al 1997;Greenwald & Harder 2003) for the religious fi eld in the U.S.A.; we have, however, no systematic analysis of the semantics of spirituality in Germany.…”

Section: Heinz Streibmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Spiritual Than Religious: Changes In The Religious Field Require New Approaches

Streib¹

2008

Lived Religion - Conceptual, Empirical and Practical-Theological Approaches

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'Lived religion' signifi es a shift of focus-from the institutionalized forms of beliefs and practices to a more precise focus of attention on the religiosity of the people, of individuals and groups as embedded in the contexts of life-worlds and biographies. Thus, 'lived religion' includes attention for beliefs and practices which may not be in accord with the offi cial teachings of religious traditions. 'Lived religion' may dwell in sub-currents of religious organizations, or fl ourish outside organized religion. In our Western cultures the self-identifi cation of "being spiritual" is one of the increasingly popular ways of expressing an individual-and eventually unconventional-form of religiosity or the search for it. In this article, we focus on the "spiritual" self-identifi cation: We will discuss the problem of a theoretical framework for understanding "spirituality," we summarize extant empirical results and present our own empirical fi ndings, and we conclude with a prospect on future research. Spirituality-Conceptual Clarifi cationsIn the fi rst place we consider "spirituality" to be the self-identifi cation of research participants and not a scientifi c concept.

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“…Peak experiences, transcendence, and existentialism might be a revelation, an insight, enlightenment beyond normal experiences, reassurance of the continued personal existence and reaffirmation of personal importance in the social structure (Stevenson, 1974). People may feel inner peace, strength, meaning and purpose in life (Greenwald & Harder, 2003) through spectating sports.…”

Section: Spirituality Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

A Ten-Value-Type Framework Associated With Spectator Sports

Gau

James

2013

Sage Open

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Prior value studies in sport settings have been focused on participation rather than spectatorship. This study is an initial step in examining the values associated with spectator sports. Interviews and focus groups were utilized in this qualitative study within four progressive phases for triangulation, transferability, and constant comparative assessment. A total of 54 individuals participated in the study. Because values were subjectively perceived at the highest level of abstraction reflecting desirable preference experiences, the interviews were designed to include seven categories of questions: Three categories dealt with observed behaviors and implied metaphors, and four categories including questions comparing spectator sports and sport participation, religion, other leisure activities, and substitutes. Grounded data techniques guided the coding procedure. Using the transcriptions and notes from 26 interviews and three focus groups, five coders were used to provide evidence of interrater reliability. Based on the results of the data analyses, a 10-value-type framework was developed in relation to spectator sports: (a) Enjoyment (pleasure and satisfaction), (b) Sociability (social interaction through sport spectating), (c) Identity (enhancing self-esteem), (d) Status (pursuing social recognition), (e) Moral, (f) Spirituality (inner peace, strength, meaning, and purpose in life), (g) Epistemic, (h) Aesthetics, (i) Ritual (sports spectating becomes a series of formal and serious acts followed regularly and invariably as end-experience), and (j) no or negative values. Different from Kahle's (1983), Maslow's (1970a), and Schwartz' (1992) value theories, the framework was specifically associated with spectator sports and is expected to better predict spectator sport behavior than does a scale measuring motivations of sports fans.

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The Dimensions of Spirituality

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

The Semantics of ‘Spirituality’ and Related Self-Identifications: A Comparative Study in Germany and the USA

The Semantics of ‘Spirituality’ and Related Self-Identifications: A Comparative Study in Germany and the USA

More Spiritual Than Religious: Changes In The Religious Field Require New Approaches

A Ten-Value-Type Framework Associated With Spectator Sports

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