The dilemmas and care challenges of Venezuelan pregnant migrants presenting in Colombia

Tobon-Giraldo, Maribel; Salazar, María Irene; Aguirre-Florez, Mateo; Montilla-Trejos, C.A.; Suárez, José Antonio; Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.04.009

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…That may be related to vaccination problems and the critical situation and especially given the healthcare crisis in Venezuela [ 25 ], where there are no vaccination programmes for animals or humans (lack of immunisation for measles, mumps, yellow fever and multiple other vaccine-preventable diseases), and where numerous infectious diseases have re-emerged, including foot-and-mouth disease that was reintroduced to Colombia from Venezuela [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Furthermore, the border crossing of human beings from Venezuela to Colombia has been documented among patients with imported infections, that in some cases, try to reach other borders, such as the one between Colombia and Ecuador in the South or between Colombia and Panama trying to reach the “American dream” after crossing the Darién gap [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Although humans are not important reservoir hosts for VEE or EEE, they may cross borders infected and may be diagnosed in other territories and countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Eastern (EEE) and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitides (VEE) among Equines Using Geographical Information Systems, Colombia, 2008–2019

Bonilla-Aldana

Carvajal

Moreno-Ramos

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Introduction: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) viruses are zoonotic pathogens affecting humans, particularly equines. These neuroarboviruses compromise the central nervous system and can be fatal in different hosts. Both have significantly influenced Colombia; however, few studies analyse its behaviour, and none develop maps using geographic information systems to characterise it. Objective: To describe the temporal-spatial distribution of those viruses in Colombia between 2008 and 2019. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, based on weekly reports by municipalities of the ICA, of the surveillance of both arboviruses in equines, in Colombia, from 2008 to 2019. The data were converted into databases in Microsoft Access 365®, and multiple epidemiological maps were generated with the Kosmo RC1®3.0 software coupled to shape files of all municipalities in the country. Results: In the study period, 96 cases of EEE and 70 of VEE were reported, with 58% of EEE cases occurring in 2016 and 20% of EEV cases in 2013. The most affected municipalities for EEE corresponded to the department of Casanare: Yopal (20), Aguazul (16), and Tauramena (10). In total, 40 municipalities in the country reported ≥1 case of EEE. Conclusions: The maps allow a quick appreciation of groups of neighbouring municipalities in different departments (1° political division) and regions of the country affected by those viruses, which helps consider the expansion of the disease associated with mobility and transport of equines between other municipalities, also including international borders, such as is the case with Venezuela. In that country, especially for EEV, municipalities in the department of Cesar are bordering and at risk for that arboviral infection. there is a high risk of equine encephalitis outbreaks, especially for VEE. This poses a risk also, for municipalities in the department of Cesar, bordering with Venezuela.

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