The dihydroflavonol 4-reductase BoDFR1 drives anthocyanin accumulation in pink-leaved ornamental kale

Feng, Xin; Zhang, Yuting; Wang, Huan; Tian, Zhendong; Xin, Siyao; Zhu, Pengfang

doi:10.1007/s00122-020-03688-9

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Among them, DFR catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins, which is one of the final stages of anthocyanin biosynthesis ( Shimada et al, 2005 ; Luo et al, 2016 ). DRF gene is responsible for plant pigmentation ( Lou et al, 2014 ), and its mutation has been associated with the loss of anthocyanins as well as proanthocyanidins ( Liu H. et al, 2019 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ; Lim et al, 2020 ; Feng et al, 2021 ). Besides, enhancement or activation of DFR gene expression is vital in MYB transcription factor (TF)-based anthocyanin engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Metabolism During Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

et al. 2021

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Lycoris is used as a garden flower due to the colorful and its special flowers. Floral coloration of Lycoris is a vital trait that is mainly regulated via the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of Lycoris radiata petals at four different flower development stages. A total of 38,798 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing, and the correlation between the expression level of the DEGs and the anthocyanin content was explored. The identified DEGs are significantly categorized into ‘flavonoid biosynthesis,’ ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,’ ‘Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis,’ ‘terpenoid backbone biosynthesis’ and ‘plant hormone signal transduction’ by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in L. radiata petals during flower development stages were also identified, which included 56 structural genes (especially LrDFR1 and LrFLS) as well as 27 key transcription factor DEGs (such as C3H, GATA, MYB, and NAC). In addition, a key structural gene namely LrDFR1 of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was identified as a hub gene in anthocyanin metabolism network. During flower development stages, the expression level of LrDFR1 was positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Subcellular localization revealed that LrDFR1 is majorly localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Overexpression of LrDFR1 increased the anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves and Lycoris petals, suggesting that LrDFR1 acts as a positively regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide new insights for elucidating the function of anthocyanins in L. radiata petal coloring during flower development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Metabolism During Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

et al. 2021

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“…), a horticultural variety, is a biennial foliage herb with leaves of various shapes and colors. Leaf color is a key commercial trait of ornamental kale [ 23 ]. At the rosette stage, the inner leaves appear purple, red, pink, light pink, white, or other colors, while the outer leaves are deep purple or green [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous changes in anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents produce green variegation in pink–leaved ornamental kale

et al. 2021

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Background Anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid pigments are widely distributed in plants, producing various colors. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC) which has colorful inner leaves is an ideal plant to explore how these three pigments contribute to leaf color. The molecular mechanisms of the coloration in ornamental kale could provide reference for exploring the mechanisms of pigmentation in other plants. Results In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome and determined the pigment contents of an unusual cultivar of ornamental kale with three different types of leaf coloration: pink (C3), light pink (C2), and variegated pink–green (C1). A total of 23,965 differentially expressed genes were detected in pairwise comparisons among the three types of leaves. The results indicate that Bo9g058630 coding dihydroflavonol 4–reductase (DFR) and Bo3g019080 coding shikimate O–hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) acted in anthocyanin biosynthesis in pink leaves. Bo1g053420 coding pheophorbidase (PPD) and Bo3g012430 coding 15–cis–phytoene synthase (crtB) were identified as candidate genes for chlorophyll metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis, respectively. The transcription factors TT8, MYBL2, GATA21, GLK2, and RR1 might participate in triggering the leaf color change in ornamental kale. Anthocyanin content was highest in C3 and lowest in C1. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were lowest in C2 and highest in C1. Conclusions Based on these findings, we suspected that the decrease in anthocyanin biosynthesis and the increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis might be the reason for the leaf changing from pink to variegate pink–green in this unusual cultivar. Our research provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of leaf coloration in ornamental kale, contributing to a theoretical foundation for breeding new varieties.

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“…In plants, anthocyanins are crucial for pink, red, and purple color formation. Anthocyanins are distributed across tissues, such as the leaves, petals, curds, leaf-head, and rhizomes [ 31 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The mechanism of purple color formation in Brassica was explored herein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Transcriptome–Metabolome Analysis and Evaluation of the Dark_Pur Gene from Brassica juncea that Controls the Differential Regulation of Anthocyanins in Brassica rapa

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

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Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) is a major vegetable crop in China. The accumulation of anthocyanins improves the quality and flavor of Brassica crops and is beneficial for human health. There has been great research interest in breeding purple Chinese cabbage, for which it is necessary to study the key genes and mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation. Through distant hybridization between purple mustard (Brassica. juncea) and green Chinese cabbage (B. rapa), purple Chinese cabbage plants were obtained. Furthermore, the Dark_Pur gene was cloned in the purple Chinese cabbage plants, which came from purple mustard and may be responsible for the purple phenotype in purple Chinese cabbage plants. Through particle bombardment of isolated microspores from Chinese cabbage to transform the Dark_Pur gene, the transformed purple Chinese cabbage plant was obtained, thus verifying the function of the Dark_Pur gene. To further study the Dark_Pur gene regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage, the purple/green Chinese cabbage lines and purple/green mustard lines were subjected to transcriptome–metabolome analysis. Three stages (cotyledon, seedling, and large-leaf stages) of the purple/green Chinese cabbage lines and purple/green mustard lines were selected for analysis. The results indicated that the expression level of the transcription factor genes BraA09g028560.3C, BraA03g019460.3C, and BraA07g035710.3C may be induced by the Dark_Pur gene and they play an important role in purple Chinese cabbage, and BjuB010898 and BjuO006089 may be responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in mustard. Studying the structural genes of the purple Chinese cabbage showed that PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, FLS, DFR, ANS, and UGT were up-regulated in three growth periods. There were 22 and 10 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in seedling and large-leaf stages between purple/green Chinese cabbage, respectively, and 12 and 14 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in seedling and large-leaf stages between purple/green mustard, respectively, which may indicate that the Dark_Pur gene from purple mustard greatly regulates anthocyanin accumulation in purple Chinese cabbage. This study provides a foundation for further elucidating anthocyanin regulation.

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The dihydroflavonol 4-reductase BoDFR1 drives anthocyanin accumulation in pink-leaved ornamental kale

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Metabolism During Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Metabolism During Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Simultaneous changes in anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents produce green variegation in pink–leaved ornamental kale

Comprehensive Transcriptome–Metabolome Analysis and Evaluation of the Dark_Pur Gene from Brassica juncea that Controls the Differential Regulation of Anthocyanins in Brassica rapa

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