The digital expansion of the mind: Implications of internet usage for memory and cognition.

Marsh, Elizabeth J.; Rajaram, Suparna

doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.11.001

Cited by 121 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…By contrast, generating a comment about a social media image may enhance the experience of the image through elaborative encoding (Bradshaw & Anderson, 1982). Commenting on social media images may also invite rehearsal (Roediger and Karpicke, 2006) or offloading (Storm & Stone, 2015) effects, promoting recollection (for discussion, see Marsh & Rajaram, 2019;Stone & Wang, 2019). Thus, the impact of engaging with technology on memory may depend on the user experience and whether the experience interferes with the processing of the to-be-encoded event in the first place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

#foodie: Implications of interacting with social media for memory

Zimmerman

Brown‐Schmidt

2020

Cogn. Research

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Background: Social media is an increasingly popular outlet for leisure and social interaction. On many social media platforms, the user experience involves commenting on or responding to user-generated content, such as images of cats, food, and people. In two experiments, we examined how the act of commenting on social media images impacts subsequent memory of those images, using Instagram posts as a test case. This project was inspired by recent findings of laboratory studies of conversation which found that describing a picture for a conversational partner boosts recognition memory for those images. Here we aimed to understand how this finding translates to the more ecologically valid realm of social media interactions. A second motivation for the study was the popularity of food-and dieting-related content on Instagram and prior findings that use of Instagram in particular is associated with disordered eating behaviors. Results: Across two experiments, we observed that commenting on Instagram posts consistently boosted subsequent recognition and that correct recognition increased with comment length. Stable individual differences in recognition memory were observed, and "unhealthy" food images such as chocolates were particularly well remembered; however, these memory findings did not relate to self-reported eating behavior. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings show that the way in which we engage with social media content shapes subsequent memory of it, raising new questions about how our online lives persist in memory over time, potentially shaping future behavior.behavior. Taken together, our findings show that the way in which we engage with social media images shapes subsequent memory for them, raising new questions about how our online lives persist in memory, potentially shaping future behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

#foodie: Implications of interacting with social media for memory

Zimmerman

Brown‐Schmidt

2020

Cogn. Research

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“…First steps have already been made. Marsh and Rajaram (2019) identified 10 properties of the Internet-including accessibility, unlimited scope, rapidly changing content, and inaccurate information-which they organized into three categories: (1) content (what information is available), (2) Internet usage (how information is accessed), and (3) the people and communities that create and spread the content (who drives information). They argued that these properties can affect cognitive functions such as short-term and long-term memory, reading, and social influence.…”

Section: Systematic Differences Between Online and Offline Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizens Versus the Internet: Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools

Kozyreva¹,

Lewandowsky²,

Hertwig³

2019

Preprint

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The Internet has evolved into a ubiquitous and indispensable digital environment in which people communicate, seek information, and make decisions. Despite offering various benefits, online environments are also replete with smart, highly adaptive choice architectures designed primarily to maximize commercial interests, capture and sustain users’ attention, monetize user data, and predict and influence future behavior. This online landscape holds multiple negative consequences for society, such as a decline in human autonomy, rising incivility in online conversation, the facilitation of political extremism, and the spread of disinformation. Benevolent choice architects working with regulators may curb the worst excesses of manipulative choice architectures, yet the strategic advantages, resources, and data remain with commercial players. One way to address this imbalance is with interventions that empower Internet users to gain some control over their digital environments, in part by boosting their information literacy and their cognitive resistance to manipulation. Our goal is to present a conceptual map of interventions that are based on insights from psychological science. We begin by systematically outlining how online and offline environments differ despite being increasingly inextricable. We then identify four major types of challenges that users encounter in online environments: persuasive and manipulative choice architectures, AI-assisted information architectures, false and misleading information, and distractive environments. Next, we turn to how psychological science can inform interventions to counteract these challenges of the digital world. After distinguishing between three types of behavioral and cognitive interventions—nudges, technocognition, and boosts—we focus in on boosts, of which we identify two main groups: (1) those aimed at enhancing people’s agency in their digital environments (e.g., self-nudging, deliberate ignorance) and (2) those aimed at boosting competences of reasoning and resilience to manipulation (e.g., simple decision aids, inoculation). These cognitive tools are designed to foster the civility of online discourse and protect reason and human autonomy against manipulative choice architectures, attention-grabbing techniques, and the spread of false information.

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“…Perhaps not surprisingly, they are found to make greater use of digital technologies and social networks and to consume and produce more content online than users with fewer years of experience (Blank & Dutton, ; Teo, ). There is also growing evidence that ICTs are changing the way we think and learn, with any impact being greater on digital natives: this being linked to arguments that engagement of digital natives (and others) via digital channels should be in addition to, rather than merely instead of, traditional channels (ITU, ; Lehrer, ; Marsh & Rajaram, ).…”

Section: Digital Foundations For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICT4D 3.0? Part 1—The components of an emerging “digital‐for‐development” paradigm

Heeks

2020

E J Info Sys Dev Countries

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What has changed in the decade or so since the ideas of a new "ICT4D 2.0" phase were first mooted? This paper reviews those changes, based on a new framework model. At a foundational level, it looks at recent and current trends in digital technologies, data, processes and the implications these have for the user demographics and network structures that underpin the role of digital ICTs in international development. It then summarises some of the new building blocks of development: digital roles, digital products and digital business models. We could call what is emerging "ICT4D 3.0." However, this paper argues that the changes are such that we could talk of a paradigmatic shift and suggests that the elements could be collated as a new "digital-for-development" paradigm. Part 2 of this paper explores the patterns of change in the economy and in politics that may be associated with this paradigm. K E Y W O R D Sdigital-for-development, ICT4D, paradigm, trends

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The digital expansion of the mind: Implications of internet usage for memory and cognition.

Cited by 121 publications

References 128 publications

#foodie: Implications of interacting with social media for memory

#foodie: Implications of interacting with social media for memory

Citizens Versus the Internet: Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools

ICT4D 3.0? Part 1—The components of an emerging “digital‐for‐development” paradigm

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