The diffusivity and solubility of oxygen in liquid tin and solid silver and the diffusivity

Ramanarayanan, T. A.; Rapp, Robert A.

doi:10.1007/bf02661339

Cited by 169 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With Sn, we show that a critical issue that limits performance at temperatures below 1073 K is the formation of a SnO 2 film at the electrolyte interface due to the very low solubility of oxygen in molten Sn. 13 The performance of the Sn-based electrodes appears to be limited by the low ionic conductance of this SnO 2 layer, at least for temperatures below 1073 K. With molten Bi, the electrochemical reaction is facile, probably because the oxide is a good ionic conductor; 14 however, the critical issue with Bi is its lower open-circuit potential.…”

Section: ͓2͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Molten Sn and Bi for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Jayakumar

Lee

Hornés

et al. 2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Molten Sn and Bi were examined at 973 and 1073K for use as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. Cells were operated under “battery” conditions, with dry He flow in the anode compartment, to characterize the electrochemical oxidation of the metals at the YSZ interface. For both metals, the open-circuit voltages (OCVs) were close to that expected based on their oxidation thermodynamics, ∼0.93V for Sn and ∼0.48V for Bi. With Sn, the cell performance degraded rapidly after the transfer of approximately 0.5–1.5C∕cm2 of charge due to the formation of a SnnormalO2 layer at the YSZ interface. At 973K , the anode impedance at OCV for freshly reduced Sn was approximately 3Ωcm2 but this increased to well over 250Ωcm2 after the transfer of 1.6C∕cm2 of charge. Following the transfer of 8.2C∕cm2 at 1073K , the formation of a 10μm thick SnnormalO2 layer was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. With Bi, the OCV anode impedance at 973K was less than 0.25Ωcm2 and remained constant until essentially all of the Bi had been oxidized to normalBi2normalO3 . Some implications of these results for direct carbon fuel cells are discussed.

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Section: ͓2͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Molten Sn and Bi for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Jayakumar

Lee

Hornés

et al. 2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The maximum O saturation in the alloy decreased with increasing temperature. The lattice of Ag, and those of most metals, can support a higher concentration of O with increasing temperature [17]- [20]. Weight gains, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internally oxidized Ag/1.2 at.% Mg sheaths for Bi-2223 tapes

Prorok

Park

Goretta

et al. 2001

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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For high-power operation of charged particle rf accelerators, the input coupler windows must withstand enormous stresses due to charging induced by the highenergy charged particle beam passing by and high rf power passing through. Simx most couplers use a single coupling aperture, harmfid asymmetrical rf kick on the beam at the coupler-cavity interface exists. If this problem is solved by dual cxmpIing, the size of the structure becomes a problem. The almve problems are considered common to both normal conducting and superconducting rf accelerators. In superconducting structures, since the frequency of operation is usually around 1 GHz, compactness of the coupler is also a great concern for the cryostat design. Two new waveguide coupler designs that may solve the above-mentioned problems are discussed.

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“…Thus, severe requirements regarding purity of crystals grown from the liquid phase stimulate the need for the data on thermodynamics of solutions containing oxygen dissolved in III-V alloys. The application of the coulometric titration method to the study of oxygen solubility in liquid metals was first initiated by Alcock and Belford in 1964, and further developed by Ramanarayanan and Rapp in 1972. Our experimental method and the procedure can be described briefly in the following way.…”

Section: Oxygen In Dilute Liquid Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%