The diffusion of influenza in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1918–1919 pandemic

Patterson, Kerry; Pyle, Gerald F.

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(83)90022-9

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Many studies have addressed the diffusion of the 1918-19 pandemic from local foci (e.g.. Cliff et al 1986;McCracken and Curson 2003;Patterson and Pyle 1983;Smallman-Raynor et al 2002), but research directed at the possible connection between proximity to an epidemic focus and rate of mortality is very limited. Shortly after the pandemic, Raymond Pearl (1919) conducted a statistical analysis of data from 40 American cities.…”

Section: Environmental and Geographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison

Mamelund¹,

Sattenspiel²,

Dimka³

2013

Social Science History

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Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandémie in Alaska and Labrador A ComparisonSome of the most severely affected communities in the world during the 1918-19 influenza pandemic were in Labrador and Alaska. Although these two regions are on the opposite ends of North America, a cultural continuum in the Inuit populations extends throughout the North American Arctic. Both regions contain other population groups, however, and because of these similarities and differences, a comparison of their experiences during the pandemic provides new insights into how culture and environment may influence patterns of spread of infectious disease. We describe here analyses of the patterns of influenza mortality in 97 Alaska communities and 37 Labrador communities. The Alaska communities are divided intoflve geographic regions corresponding to recognized cultural groups in the region; the Labrador communities are separated into three regions that vary in the degree of admixture between European and indigenous (primarily Inuit) groups. In both Alaska and Labrador mortality was substantially higher than the worldwide average of 2.5-5 percent. Average mortality ranged from less than 1 percent to 38 percent at the regional level in Alaska and from 1 percent to 75 percent at the regional level in Labrador with up to 90 percent mortality in some local communities in both Alaska and Labrador. A number of factors influencing this heterogeneous experience are discussed, including the impact of weather and geography ; attempts to protect communities by implementing quarantine policies; accessibility of health care; nutritional deflciencies; cultural factors, such as settlement patterns, seaSocial Science History

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Section: Environmental and Geographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison

Mamelund¹,

Sattenspiel²,

Dimka³

2013

Social Science History

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“…In contrast, nearby coastal regions of eastern and southern Africa reported cases beginning in September to December 1918. Contact between Madagascar and South Africa, where the disease was epidemic, was limited to a single coastal steamboat ( 20 , 21 ). In the Pacific, American Samoa implemented quarantine measures and was spared infection, while nearby islands were severely affected ( 22 ).…”

Section: Slowing or Preventing International Spread Of Pandemic Influmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details generally are unavailable, but, on the whole, even though entry may have been delayed by some weeks, the experience was less successful than that of islands that enacted quarantine. Disease arrived from inland routes and, according to 1 report, quarantine of a ship in Accra, Ghana, known in advance to be carrying persons with influenza was not successful; disease spread to dock workers and subsequently entered the country ( 21 , 24 ). …”

Section: Slowing or Preventing International Spread Of Pandemic Influmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, International Measures

Nicoll

Fukuda

Horby

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

268

100

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“…Finally, there was the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919, aptly described as "one of the most pervasive and devastating biological disasters since the bubonic plague of the fourteenth century" (Patterson andPyle 1983:1299). Known popularly in Africa as the "Spanish" influenza, the disease spread rapidly and "struck almost every colony and community in sub-Saharan Africa."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known popularly in Africa as the "Spanish" influenza, the disease spread rapidly and "struck almost every colony and community in sub-Saharan Africa." According to Patterson andPyle (1983:1299), the death toll from the epidemic was considerable-"at least 1.5-2 million people died" in subSaharan Africa alone. In West Africa, the disease is said to have spread from Sierra Leone, where "a ship from England" allegedly introduced it by August 1918.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Medical Factor in Christian Conversion in Africa: Observations from Southeastern Nigeria

Ekechi¹

1993

Missiology

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This article discusses missionary recruitment strategies from the perspective of missionary medicalwork in southeastern Nigeria. In otherwords, it examines missionary use of medical services as the bait to catch converts. Furthermore, the essay discusses the link between disease, missionary medicine, and Christian conversion. Attention is given to the roleofculturein the conversion process, as well as to the impact of missionary and colonial medical services on African health care systems. The study is based largely on archival mission sources, includingCatholic and Protestant archival materials collectedfrom missionary societies in England, France, Rome, and Nigeria. Finally, it looksat the Catholic and Protestant strugglefor dominance via the provision ofmedicalservices, and thepersistence of traditional African health caresystemsdespite missionary and colonial iconoclastic tendencies.

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The diffusion of influenza in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1918–1919 pandemic

Cited by 72 publications

References 5 publications

Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison

Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison

Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, International Measures

The Medical Factor in Christian Conversion in Africa: Observations from Southeastern Nigeria

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