The Diffusion of Discrete Event Simulation Approaches in Health Care Management in the Past Four Decades: A Comprehensive Review

Liu, Shiyong; Li, Yan; Triantis, Konstantinos; Xue, Hong; Wang, Youfa

doi:10.1177/2381468320915242

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The model is robust and flexible, tolerates detailed constraint settings, and had been widely used in the process planning or optimization within the ED in recent decades [ 37 – 39 ]. Previously, this approach was regarded as time-consuming and expertise required, but had been gradually overcome by the improvement of computational capabilities and commercially available softwares [ 40 ]. Compared with multistate Markov models, DES has been shown to have better prediction accuracies [ 41 ], but may not be as convenient when incorporating influential factors and estimating its effect on management flows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Dynamic Flow of Emergency Department (ED) Patient Managements: A Multistate Model Approach

Chaou

Chiu

Pan

et al. 2020

Emergency Medicine International

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Background. Emergency department (ED) crowding and prolonged lengths of stay continue to be important medical issues. It is difficult to apply traditional methods to analyze multiple streams of the ED patient management process simultaneously. The aim of this study was to develop a statistical model to delineate the dynamic patient flow within the ED and to analyze the effects of relevant factors on different patient movement rates. Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort available with electronic medical data. Important time points and relevant covariates of all patients between January and December 2013 were collected. A new five-state Markov model was constructed by an expert panel, including three intermediate states: triage, physician management, and observation room and two final states: admission and discharge. A day was further divided into four six-hour periods to evaluate dynamics of patient movement over time. Results. A total of 149,468 patient records were analyzed with a median total length of stay being 2.12 (interquartile range = 6.51) hours. The patient movement rates between states were estimated, and the effects of the age group and triage level on these movements were also measured. Patients with lower acuity go home more quickly (relative rate (RR): 1.891, 95% CI: 1.881–1.900) but have to wait longer for physicians (RR: 0.962, 95% CI: 0.956–0.967) and admission beds (RR: 0.673, 95% CI: 0.666–0.679). While older patients were seen more quickly by physicians (RR: 1.134, 95% CI: 1.131–1.139), they spent more time waiting for the final state (for admission RR: 0.830, 95% CI: 0.821–0.839; for discharge RR: 0.773, 95% CI: 0.769–0.776). Comparing the differences in patient movement rates over a 24-hour day revealed that patients wait longer before seen by physicians during the evening and that they usually move from the ED to admission afternoon. Predictive dynamic illustrations show that six hours after the patients’ entry, the probability of still in the ED system ranges from 28% in the evening to 38% in the morning. Conclusions. The five-state model well described the dynamic ED patient flow and analyzed the effects of relevant influential factors at different states. The model can be used in similar medical settings or incorporate different important covariates to develop individually tailored approaches for the improvement of efficiency within the health professions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Dynamic Flow of Emergency Department (ED) Patient Managements: A Multistate Model Approach

Chaou

Chiu

Pan

et al. 2020

Emergency Medicine International

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“…Survey papers were analyzed alongside review papers as they were very few, and they focused on specific DES applications. Specific to the review papers included, only five studies focus entirely on DES as a unique review topic, and the rest aim to analyze healthcare improvements through diverse operations research techniques, DES being one of the approaches mentioned [21,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Review Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete-Event Simulation Modeling in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review

Vázquez-Serrano

Peimbert-García

Cárdenas–Barrón

2021

IJERPH

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Discrete-event simulation (DES) is a stochastic modeling approach widely used to address dynamic and complex systems, such as healthcare. In this review, academic databases were systematically searched to identify 231 papers focused on DES modeling in healthcare. These studies were sorted by year, approach, healthcare setting, outcome, provenance, and software use. Among the surveys, conceptual/theoretical studies, reviews, and case studies, it was found that almost two-thirds of the theoretical articles discuss models that include DES along with other analytical techniques, such as optimization and lean/six sigma, and one-third of the applications were carried out in more than one healthcare setting, with emergency departments being the most popular. Moreover, half of the applications seek to improve time- and efficiency-related metrics, and one-third of all papers use hybrid models. Finally, the most popular DES software is Arena and Simul8. Overall, there is an increasing trend towards using DES in healthcare to address issues at an operational level, yet less than 10% of DES applications present actual implementations following the modeling stage. Thus, future research should focus on the implementation of the models to assess their impact on healthcare processes, patients, and, possibly, their clinical value. Other areas are DES studies that emphasize their methodological formulation, as well as the development of frameworks for hybrid models.

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“…In comparison with the principal features of SD and ABS models [24], DES models focus on processes that involve the use of a queue. By simulating the operation of a real-world system or process over time, DES models provide decision-makers with an evidence-based tool to develop and test operational solutions before implementation [25,26]. DES models are also convenient to deploy at an operational and tactical level [27].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Designing optimal COVID-19 testing stations locally: A discrete event simulation model applied on a university campus

Saidani

Kim

2021

PLoS ONE

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Providing sufficient testing capacities and accurate results in a time-efficient way are essential to prevent the spread and lower the curve of a health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with recent research investigating how simulation-based models and tools could contribute to mitigating the impact of COVID-19, a discrete event simulation model is developed to design optimal saliva-based COVID-19 testing stations performing sensitive, non-invasive, and rapid-result RT-qPCR tests processing. This model aims to determine the adequate number of machines and operators required, as well as their allocation at different workstations, according to the resources available and the rate of samples to be tested per day. The model has been built and experienced using actual data and processes implemented on-campus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where an average of around 10,000 samples needed to be processed on a daily basis, representing at the end of August 2020 more than 2% of all the COVID-19 tests performed per day in the USA. It helped identify specific bottlenecks and associated areas of improvement in the process to save human resources and time. Practically, the overall approach, including the proposed modular discrete event simulation model, can easily be reused or modified to fit other contexts where local COVID-19 testing stations have to be implemented or optimized. It could notably support on-site managers and decision-makers in dimensioning testing stations by allocating the appropriate type and quantity of resources.

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The Diffusion of Discrete Event Simulation Approaches in Health Care Management in the Past Four Decades: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Quantifying Dynamic Flow of Emergency Department (ED) Patient Managements: A Multistate Model Approach

Quantifying Dynamic Flow of Emergency Department (ED) Patient Managements: A Multistate Model Approach

Discrete-Event Simulation Modeling in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review

Designing optimal COVID-19 testing stations locally: A discrete event simulation model applied on a university campus

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