The differing roles of NREM and REM sleep in the slow enhancement of skills and schemas

Pereira, Sofia Isabel Ribeiro; Lewis, Penelope A.

doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2019.12.005

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In line with the suggestion that the delayed benefits of sleep may be due to processing in REM 48 we propose that REM reactivation during post-TMR nights, rather than immediately after cueing, may contribute to the long-term effects of TMR. However, it is unknown whether sensorimotor reactivation is taking place in post-TMR REM and whether it contributes to the behavioural and neural benefits of the manipulation in the long run.…”

Section: Plasticity Within Motor Regions Predicts Long-term Cueing Benefitssupporting

confidence: 85%

Cueing motor memory reactivation during NREM sleep engenders learning-related changes in precuneus and sensorimotor structures

Rakowska

Bagrowska

Lazari

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Memory reactivation during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep is important for memory consolidation but it remains unclear exactly how such activity promotes the development of a stable memory representation. We used Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) in combination with longitudinal structural and functional MRI to track the evolution of a motor memory trace over 20 days. We show that repeated reactivation of motor memory during sleep leads to increased precuneus activation 24 h post-TMR. Interestingly, a decrease in precuneus activity over the next 10 days predicts longer-term cueing benefit. We also find both functional and structural changes in sensorimotor cortex in association with effects of TMR 20 days post-encoding. These findings demonstrate that TMR can engage precuneus in the short-term while also impacting on task-related structure and function over longer timescales.

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Section: Plasticity Within Motor Regions Predicts Long-term Cueing Benefitssupporting

confidence: 85%

Cueing motor memory reactivation during NREM sleep engenders learning-related changes in precuneus and sensorimotor structures

Rakowska

Bagrowska

Lazari

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…(2018) who argue that synapses relevant for the task are ‘tagged’ for plastic changes during sleep following cue presentation, allowing the cueing benefits to persist. Alternatively, synapses relevant for both the cued and uncued sequence may be ‘tagged’ at encoding, priming them for further plastic changes that occur during sleep over the course of several subsequent nights ( Seibt and Frank, 2019 ; Pereira and Lewis, 2020 ). This process could be facilitated by cue presentation for one of the sequences, allowing its memory trace to persist for longer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term effects of cueing procedural memory reactivation during NREM sleep

et al. 2021

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“…Higher fast spindle density may promote stronger schema-related memory integration via a higher rate of memory replay [ 28 , 47 ]. As our paradigm involved repeated restudy and testing of materials, this could favorably increase the replay of overlapping memory traces [ 48 , 49 ], and facilitate the incorporation of additional schema-relevant memoranda [ 7 , 50 , 51 ]. Sleep spindles may also aid the generalization of memories, a key element of schemas [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sleep schedule incorporating naps benefits the transformation of hierarchical knowledge

Golkashani

Leong

Ghorbani

et al. 2022

Sleep

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Study Objectives The learning brain establishes schemas (knowledge structures) that benefit subsequent learning. We investigated how sleep and having a schema might benefit initial learning followed by rearranged and expanded memoranda. We concurrently examined the contributions of sleep spindles and slow wave sleep to learning outcomes. Methods 53 adolescents were randomly assigned to an 8h Nap schedule (6.5h nocturnal sleep with a 90-minute daytime nap) or an 8h No-Nap, nocturnal-only sleep schedule. The study spanned 14 nights, simulating successive school weeks. We utilized a transitive inference task involving hierarchically ordered faces. Initial learning to set up the schema was followed by rearrangement of the hierarchy (accommodation) and hierarchy expansion (assimilation). The expanded sequence was restudied. Recall of hierarchical knowledge was tested after initial learning and at multiple points for all subsequent phases. As a control, both groups underwent a No-schema condition where the hierarchy was introduced and modified without opportunity to set up a schema. EEG accompanied the multiple sleep opportunities. Results There were main effects of Nap schedule and Schema condition evidenced by superior recall of initial learning, reordered and expanded memoranda. Improved recall was consistently associated with higher fast spindle density but not slow-wave measures. This was true for both nocturnal sleep and daytime naps. Conclusion A sleep schedule incorporating regular nap opportunities compared to one that only had nocturnal sleep benefited building of robust and flexible schemas, facilitating recall of the subsequently rearranged and expanded structured knowledge. These benefits appear to be strongly associated with fast spindles.

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The differing roles of NREM and REM sleep in the slow enhancement of skills and schemas

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Cueing motor memory reactivation during NREM sleep engenders learning-related changes in precuneus and sensorimotor structures

Cueing motor memory reactivation during NREM sleep engenders learning-related changes in precuneus and sensorimotor structures

Long term effects of cueing procedural memory reactivation during NREM sleep

A sleep schedule incorporating naps benefits the transformation of hierarchical knowledge

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