The Differentiation of White Adipose Cells

Napolitano, Leonard

doi:10.1083/jcb.18.3.663

Cited by 365 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1 a-c. CONWNTIONAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: The electron microscopic appearance of control fat cells corresponds fully to that reported previously (1,4,5,12,17,20,23). In the resting cell, the cytoplasm is reduced to a thin rim surrounding the central lipid droplet (Fig.…”

Section: Morphologysupporting

confidence: 68%

Morphological changes of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis.

Carpentier¹,

Perrelet²,

Orci³

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Morphological changes of the plasma membrane in the white adipose cell associated with lipid mobilization were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively on freeze-fracture replicas of epididymal adipose tissue from fasted and from streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The number of plasma membrane invaginations and intramembranous particles were evaluated per square micrometer of membrane and per entire adipocyte. These two determinations show that the number per square micrometer (local concentration) of both structural features progressively increases with the duration of diabetes and fasting, while that at the same time their number per entire cell (total content) remains unchanged. These data thus show: (a) a reorganization of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis; and (b) that this reorganization can be detected only by determining the concentration and the total content of the structural features of the membrane involved.Previous studies of the changes induced by lipolysis in the morphology of the white adipose cell have shown an increase in the number of microvesicular invaginations (so-called "pinocytosis") of the plasma membrane during lipolysis (13,14,16,19,22,23). However, these data remained essentially qualitative since they were based on the examination of conventional thin sections which were not assessed by a morphometric approach. The application of the freeze-fracturing technique (11) to the adipose tissue has made it possible to study large areas of the cell membrane and quantitatively to assess structural features of the adipocyte plasma membrane such as membrane invaginations and intramembranous particles under various experimental conditions. For example, we have been able to demonstrate quantitative changes in the organization of the adipose cell plasma membrane induced by lipolytic and lipogenic hormones applied to the adipose tissue in vitro (3). In the present work, we have extended these studies by assessing quantitatively, in freezefracture replicas, the adipose cell membrane organization in the course of an acute lipolysis induced in vivo by fasting or streptozotocin diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsYoung male Wistar rats (200-290 g) were used throughout.Fasting 20 animals were placed in individual cages containing water but no food while 6 others used as controls were fed normally with Purina Chow. Six rats of the fasting group were killed after 3 days, six after 6 days, and four after 9 days (four died at the 8th day of fasting). Diabetes18 rats were injected in the tail vein with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) kindly supplied by Dr. W. Dulin (The 104

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Section: Morphologysupporting

confidence: 68%

Morphological changes of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis.

Carpentier¹,

Perrelet²,

Orci³

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…1 Both types of adipocytes emerge from fibroblast-like precursors of mesenchymal origin. 2 These precursors are present within adipose tissues throughout lifetime. 3 -5 They are located in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF), which can be isolated after collagenase digestion of the extracellular matrix of the tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of BUG demonstrates the existence of a brown preadipocyte distinct from a white one

et al. 2001

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BACKGROUND: Several indirect arguments agree with the existence of a brown preadipocyte distinct from a white one. Nevertheless, to date, no molecular marker has been available to directly in vivo demonstrate this hypothesis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to find a gene expressed in brown preadipocyte but not in white and to use it as a molecular marker to analyse brown preadipocyte recruitment in different physiological and physiopathological situations. METHOD: Differential display was performed on stromal-vascular and adipocyte fractions of white and brown adipose tissues in rat. RESULTS: We identified a new gene, BUG, preferentially expressed in the stromal-vascular fraction of brown fat vs other adipose tissues fractions in adult rat. This RNA is also highly expressed in heart and, to a lesser extent, in other tissues such as kidney and brain. The BUG transcript is detected by in situ hybridization in putative preadipocytes within brown adipose tissue. Its level is transiently and specifically up-regulated during early stages of brown preadipocyte differentiation in a primary culture system, before the acquisition of late brown adipocyte phenotype. During development, BUG can be detected before the emergence of UCP-1 expression. In adult rats, BUG expression is inversely associated to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation during cold exposure as well as in obese animals. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of BUG expression agrees with an early divergence between brown and white adipocyte lineages. It also reveals the existence of a pool of committed brown preadipocytes within BAT that are recruited during cold exposure. BUG expression is increased in obese animals, suggesting that an early defect in brown preadipocyte differentiation could account for impaired BAT function in genetically obese rats.

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“…The fat globules in white adipose cells increase in number and size by coale scence of small droplets and eventually form a signet-type of cell (Napolitano 1963). The septal cells are morphologically similar to those of the brown adipose cells, in which small fat droplets are distributed in the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Occasionally, their cytoplasm extended in the interstitial space between epithelial cells and capillaries. (Napolitano and Fawcett 1958), rather than a single large drop of signet shape of the white adipose cells (Napolitano 1963). In the earlier stage of differentiation lipid was localized in the vicinity of cuboidal nucleus (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septal Cells and Post-Natal Development of Rat Lungs, Electron Microscopic and Biochemical Studies

Sun

1972

CYTOLOGIA

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The Differentiation of White Adipose Cells

Cited by 365 publications

References 17 publications

Morphological changes of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis.

Morphological changes of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis.

Cloning of BUG demonstrates the existence of a brown preadipocyte distinct from a white one

Septal Cells and Post-Natal Development of Rat Lungs, Electron Microscopic and Biochemical Studies

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