The differentiation of nematocysts and associated structures in the cnidaria

Westfall, Jane A.

doi:10.1007/bf00336871

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Especially, we focus on the structure and differentiation of the inverted shaft. Our findings are compared with those of Cutress (1955), Skaer and Picken (1965), Picken and Skaer (1966), Westfall (1966), Schmidt (1969) and Kramer and Francis (2004). Hopefully, our illustrations will facilitate identification of Metridium nematocysts stored in nudibranchs, especially immature ones, if stored in the cnidosacs, as reported by Greenwood and Mariscal (1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…1c-e, Table 1); correspond to spirulae of Metridium dianthus Ellis (Carlgren, 1933), to microbasic mastigophores from Metridium senile (as Actinoloba dianthus) (see Weill, 1934, Fig. 44a,b), to microbasic b-mastigophores (Hand, 1956;Westfall, 1965Westfall, , 1966 and to b-rhabdoids (Schmidt, 1969). Inverted shaft a distinct, thin rod, border between proximal and main shaft indistinct (Fig.…”

Section: Nomenclature and Nematocysts Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early development of nematoblasts, capsules, tubules and their inversion has been studied in numerous TEM investigations: Metridium by Westfall (1966); the anemone Haliplanella by Watson andMariscal (1983, 1984a,b); and various sea anemones by Watson (1988). An interstitial cell develops into a cnidoblast (Slautterback and Fawcett, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interstitial cell develops into a cnidoblast (Slautterback and Fawcett, 1959). The capsule is formed first, followed by the external tubule formed outside the capsule (Slauterback, 1961;Westfall, 1966;Watson and Mariscal, 1984a,b). As the tubule inverts into the capsule, the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regress (Slautterback and Fawcett, 1959;Carré, 1972Carré, , 1980Carré and Carré, 1973;Holstein, 1980Holstein, , 1981Watson and Mariscal, 1984a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9) described the external tubule with an internal pleated tubule from b-mastigophores of M. farcimen. The internal tubule becomes tightly folded as it develops (Skaer and Picken, 1965;Picken and Skaer, 1966;Carré, 1972Carré, , 1980Carré and Carré, 1973;Skaer, 1973), and spines are formed inside the tubule (Westfall, 1966;Skaer, 1973;Holstein, 1980). Skaer and Picken (1965) and Picken and Skaer (1966) used the terms folds and pleats to describe the helices of the internal tubule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone <i>Metridium senile</i> (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Östman¹,

Kultima²,

Roat³

et al. 2010

Sci. Mar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Nomenclature and Nematocysts Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone <i>Metridium senile</i> (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Östman¹,

Kultima²,

Roat³

et al. 2010

Sci. Mar.

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Ultrastructure of neuro-spirocyte synapses in the sea anemoneAiptasia pallida (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoantharia)

1999

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Using transmission electron microscopy of serially sectioned tentacles from the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida, we located and characterized two types of neuro‐spirocyte synapses. Clear vesicles were observed at 10 synapses and dense‐cored vesicles at five synapses. The diameters of vesicles at each neuro‐spirocyte synapse were averaged; clear vesicles ranged from 49–89 nm in diameter, whereas the dense‐cored vesicles ranged from 97–120 nm in diameter. One sequential pair of synapses included a neuro‐spirocyte synapse with clear vesicles (81 nm) and a neuro‐neuronal synapse with dense‐cored vesicles (168 nm). A second synapse on the same cell had dense‐cored vesicles (103 nm). An Antho‐RFamide‐labeled ganglion cell and three different neurites were observed adjacent to spirocytes, but no neuro‐spirocyte synapses were present. Many of the spirocytes also were immunoreactive to Antho‐RFamide. The presence of sequential neuro‐neuro‐spirocyte synapses suggests that synaptic modulation may be involved in the neural control of spirocyst discharge. The occurrence of either dense‐cored or clear vesicles at neuro‐spirocyte synapses suggests that at least two types of neurotransmitter substances control the discharge of spirocysts in sea anemones. J. Morphol. 241:165–173, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Apoptosis and cell proliferation during metamorphosis of the planula larva of Clytia hemisphaerica (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)

Krasovec

Pottin

Rosello

et al. 2021

Developmental Dynamics

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Background Metamorphosis in marine species is characterized by profound changes at the ecophysiological, morphological, and cellular levels. The cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica exhibits a triphasic life cycle that includes a planula larva, a colonial polyp, and a sexually reproductive medusa. Most studies so far have focused on the embryogenesis of this species, whereas its metamorphosis has been only partially studied. Results We investigated the main morphological changes of the planula larva of Clytia during the metamorphosis, and the associated cell proliferation and apoptosis. Based on our observations of planulae at successive times following artificial metamorphosis induction using GLWamide, we subdivided the Clytia's metamorphosis into a series of eight morphological stages occurring during a pre‐settlement phase (from metamorphosis induction to planula ready for settlement) and the post‐settlement phase (from planula settlement to primary polyp). Drastic morphological changes prior to definitive adhesion to the substrate were accompanied by specific patterns of stem‐cell proliferation as well as apoptosis in both ectoderm and endoderm. Further waves of apoptosis occurring once the larva has settled were associated with morphogenesis of the primary polyp. Conclusion Clytia larval metamorphosis is characterized by distinct patterns of apoptosis and cell proliferation during the pre‐settlement phase and the settled planula‐to‐polyp transformation.

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The differentiation of nematocysts and associated structures in the cnidaria

Cited by 69 publications

References 16 publications

Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone <i>Metridium senile</i> (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone <i>Metridium senile</i> (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Ultrastructure of neuro-spirocyte synapses in the sea anemoneAiptasia pallida (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoantharia)

Apoptosis and cell proliferation during metamorphosis of the planula larva of Clytia hemisphaerica (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)

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