The differentiation and development of pistils of hermaphrodites and pistillodes of males in androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. and implications for the evolution to androdioecy

Functional androdioecy in the rare endemic treeTapiscia sinensis

“…These traits also support androdioecy as an intermediate step from hermaphroditism to dioecy in T. sinensis . In addition, similar to the study of Osmanthus fragrans L., the male flower has a vestigial pistil, also suggesting that males evolved from female sterile mutants in hermaphrodites (Xu et al ., ).…”

“…Lloyd () reported that morphological androdioecy has two manifestations: (1) functional dioecy (hermaphroditic flowers in which anthers are not dehiscent or pollen is not viable are in fact female flowers); and (2) functional androdioecy (viable pollen is produced in hermaphroditic flowers). In recent years, functional androdioecy has been investigated (Dorken, Friedman & Barrett, ; Eppley & Pannell, ; Saumitou‐Laprade et al ., ; Hesse & Pannell, ; Choudhury, Khan & Dayanandan, ; Xu et al ., ). Additional studies have focused on the evolution and maintenance of androdioecy (Pannell, , ).…”

Assessment of genetic diversity among androdioecious ancient Osmanthus fragrans trees by SSR markers

“…Stable androdioecy is rare in nature and currently only nine plant species have been confirmed as androdioecious (Pannell, 2002;Saumitou-Laprade et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2013). The rarity of androdioecy has led to both the development of theoretical works explaining its evolutionary paths (Lloyd, 1975;Pannell, 2000Pannell, , 2002 and the search for new examples in nature (Pannell, 1997;Sakai, 2001).…”

“…As one of the top 10 traditional flowers in China, O. fragrans has been cultivated for more than 2500 years. It is found to be androdioecious and regarded as a transition from hermaphroditism to dioecy (Hao et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2013). As a woody plant, O. fragrans has a long life cycle, and there are many ancient O. fragrans trees in China, which are not only symbols of social civilization but also rare materials for the study of ancient climate, germplasm resources and cultivar breeding.…”

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) using 454 sequencing technology

“…Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) is an evergreen shrub or small tree that grows in south China (Xu et al, 2014). As an ornamental plant, O. fragrans is renowned for its attractive and sweet fragrance, and is regarded as one of the top ten Chinese traditional flowers.…”