The differential effects of atorvastatin co-administered with ampicillin on the bacterial growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus

Manalo, Rafael Vincent M.; Josol, Vivien Joyce D.; Gloriani, Nina G.

doi:10.1016/j.cmrp.2017.08.002

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…None of the isolates was found to be sensitive to atorvastatin when used as a sole agent. The finding that atorvastatin did not exhibit antibacterial effect on its own is in stark contrast with many other previous studies [14], [15] but this finding is in complete agreement with the study conducted by Manalo et al (2017) [16], which also reported that atorvastatin did not display any antibacterial activity, when used as a sole agent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

In-vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of atorvastatin and ampicillin against resistant Staphylococcus spp and E.coli isolated from bovine mastitis

Sankar

Thangamalai

Sriram

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The colossal rise in antimicrobial resistance has led to treatment failures and so mastitis has become cumbersome to treat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of non-antibiotic drug, atorvastatin in combination with antimicrobial, ampicillin against two commonly isolated bacterial species Staphylococcus spp and E. coli from bovine mastitis. Milk samples were collected from mastitis cows, visiting Veterinary Clinical Complex. Bacterial isolation was performed using Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), followed by characterization and identification by biochemical tests and gram staining. Genotypic confirmation was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with subsequent screening for resistant genes-mec A, bla TEM . Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (ABST) of the isolates against 12 different antimicrobials, atorvastatin only, and combination of atorvastatin with ampicillin were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ampicillin alone and ampicillin in combination with atorvastatin were determined by modified microdilution method.Staphylococcus spp (77.5%) and E.coli (35%) were the two major pathogens isolated in the current study and multi-drug resistance was observed. Among the antimicrobials, the ampicillin showed 100% resistance against Staphylococcus spp and 85.71% resistance against E. coli. Atorvastatin did not display antibacterial effect as a sole agent but displayed synergistic antibacterial activity with ampicillin. There was an average increase in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ampicillin for E.coli and Staphylococcus spp isolates and atorvastatin decreased the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ampicillin in combination.The ampicillin shows more resistance against both Staphylococcus spp and E.coli, while atorvastatin improves the effect of ampicillin in-vitro. So, atorvastatin may be combined with ampicillin for the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. However, further studies are required to ascertain the exact mechanism of action of atorvastatin with respect to their antibacterial effect for them to be redeployed as an antimicrobial drug in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

In-vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of atorvastatin and ampicillin against resistant Staphylococcus spp and E.coli isolated from bovine mastitis

Sankar

Thangamalai

Sriram

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The groups with Levofloxacin Hydrochloride were marked as a positive control. The minimum dilution concentration for invisible bacterial growth was defined as the MIC [34].…”

Section: Determination Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Antibacterial Mechanism of Limonene against Listeria monocytogenes

2019

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Limonene is a monoterpenoid compound, which is founded in a lot of plants' essential oils with good antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens, but it has an ambiguous antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanism against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility of Limonene to L. monocytogenes was studied, and some new sights regarding its antibacterial mechanism were further explored. Scanning electron MICroscopy (SEM) verified that limonene caused the destruction of the cell integrity and wall structure of L. monocytogenes. The increase in conductivity and the leakage of intracellular biomacromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins) confirmed that limonene had an obvious effect on cell membrane permeability. The results of Propidium Iodide (PI) fluorescence staining were consistent with the results of the conductivity measurements. This indicated that limonene treatment caused damage to the L. monocytogenes cell membrane. Furthermore, the decrease in ATP content, ATPase (Na + K + -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase) activity and respiratory chain complex activity indicated that limonene could hinder ATP synthesis by inhibiting the activity of the respiratory complex and ATPase. Finally, differential expression of proteins in the respiratory chain confirmed that limonene affected respiration and energy metabolism by inhibiting the function of the respiratory chain complex.Molecules 2020, 25, 33 2 of 15 terpenes in nature and is widely found in the volatile oils of various plants (black pepper, lemon and orange, etc.) [9]. Limonene has broad application prospects in antibacterial and food preservation due to its broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, safety, and low toxicity [10]. Moreover, D-limonene can significantly inhibit gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungal activity [11]. In addition, many researchers have confirmed that D-limonene can effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, such as Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli [12,13]. Limonene, which is the main ingredient of lemon essential oil, was found to have antimicrobial activities against L. monocytogenes in minced beef meat [14]. However, few studies have investigated the antibacterial mechanism of limonene.The aims of this study were to determine the antibacterial susceptibility and its antibacterial mechanism of limonene against L. monocytogenes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to evaluate the anti-L. monocytogenes susceptibility of limonene. The growth curves of the bacterial were determined for evaluating the effect of limonene on the growth and reproduction of L. monocytogenes. The mechanism of action of limonene was explored by analysing its influence on the cell morphology, membrane permeability and changes in the protein, nucleic acid, ATP, ATPase (Na + K + -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase), respiratory chain complex I~V, and differential protein expression of the respiratory chain complex of L. monocytogenes. Resu...

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“…3 4 Statins are commonly used for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. [5][6][7][8] As a class, they have high safety and tolerability with few side effects when used for lowering lipids in patients with elevated cholesterol. 5 Although all statins act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis, they can be lipophilic or hydrophilic depending on their tissue selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 Atorvastatin, another lipophilic statin has also been shown to abrogate biofilm formation in periodontal disease. 7 8 Fewer antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects have been documented in hydrophilic statins. 9 10 Whether either class of drug is efficacious eradicating or preventing biofilms remains controversial; however, as research shows mixed results for statin treatment of biofilm-forming bacterial infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection-associated biofilms and statins: protocol for systematic review

et al. 2021

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IntroductionOwing to their propensity for being associated with infections, biofilms have become a focus in infectious disease research. There is evidence suggesting that statins, which are commonly used for prevention of cardiovascular disease, may prevent biofilm-associated infections, but this association has not been well-understood.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol will include six database searches from their inception to 20 August 2020. A medical librarian will conduct the searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS and CENTRAL, without any limits. Bibliographies of selected articles, previously published reviews and high-yield journals that publish on statins and/or biofilms will be searched to identify additional articles. The screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers using DistillerSR. All included papers will also be evaluated for quality using Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool, and we will examine for publication bias. If there are two or more studies with quantitative estimates that can be combined, we will conduct a meta-analysis after assessing for heterogeneity. We will report all findings according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Analyses-P framework.Ethics and disseminationThere are conflicting results on the effect of statins on biofilm-associated infections. The rise of antibiotic resistance in medical settings warrants a deeper understanding of this association, especially if statins can be used as a novel antibiotic. The findings of this review will assess the association between statin use and biofilm-associated infection to inform future medical practice. No formal ethical review is required for this protocol. All findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020193985.

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The differential effects of atorvastatin co-administered with ampicillin on the bacterial growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

In-vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of atorvastatin and ampicillin against resistant Staphylococcus spp and E.coli isolated from bovine mastitis

In-vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of atorvastatin and ampicillin against resistant Staphylococcus spp and E.coli isolated from bovine mastitis

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Antibacterial Mechanism of Limonene against Listeria monocytogenes

Infection-associated biofilms and statins: protocol for systematic review

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