The Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder From Borderline Personality Disorder

Kemp, Kristen; Torem, Moshe S.; Gilbertson, Alan D.

doi:10.1037/e609942012-015

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…On the surface, BPD and DID appear to have similar psychological profiles and symptoms. 124 , 127 Abrupt mood swings, identity disturbance, impulsive risk-taking behaviors, self-harm, and suicide attempts are common in both disorders. Indeed, early comparative studies found few differences on clinical comorbidity, history, or psychometric testing using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory.…”

Section: Myth 5: Did Is the Same Entity As Borderlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, early comparative studies found few differences on clinical comorbidity, history, or psychometric testing using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. 124 , 127 However, recent clinical observational studies, as well as systematic studies using structured interview data, have distinguished DID from BPD. 59 , 128 Brand and Loewenstein 59 review the clinical symptoms and psychosocial variables that distinguish DID from BPD: clinically, individuals with BPD show vacillating, less modulated emotions that shift according to external precipitants.…”

Section: Myth 5: Did Is the Same Entity As Borderlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder

Brand

Şar

Stavropoulos

et al. 2016

Harv Rev Psychiatry

111

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Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a complex, posttraumatic, developmental disorder for which we now, after four decades of research, have an authoritative research base, but a number of misconceptualizations and myths about the disorder remain, compromising both patient care and research. This article examines the empirical literature pertaining to recurrently expressed beliefs regarding DID: (1) belief that DID is a fad, (2) belief that DID is primarily diagnosed in North America by DID experts who overdiagnose the disorder, (3) belief that DID is rare, (4) belief that DID is an iatrogenic, rather than trauma-based, disorder, (5) belief that DID is the same entity as borderline personality disorder, and (6) belief that DID treatment is harmful to patients. The absence of research to substantiate these beliefs, as well as the existence of a body of research that refutes them, confirms their mythical status. Clinicians who accept these myths as facts are unlikely to carefully assess for dissociation. Accurate diagnoses are critical for appropriate treatment planning. If DID is not targeted in treatment, it does not appear to resolve. The myths we have highlighted may also impede research about DID. The cost of ignorance about DID is high not only for individual patients but for the whole support system in which they reside. Empirically derived knowledge about DID has replaced outdated myths. Vigorous dissemination of the knowledge base about this complex disorder is warranted.

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Section: Myth 5: Did Is the Same Entity As Borderlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Myth 5: Did Is the Same Entity As Borderlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder

Brand

Şar

Stavropoulos

et al. 2016

Harv Rev Psychiatry

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 [MMPI-2]; Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III) nor non-dissociative symptom measures reliably differentiate DID from other disorders (e.g. Kemp et al, 1988; Welburn et al, 2003). One exception in the personality domain, however, may be projective tests (e.g.…”

Section: Validity and Phenomenology Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Dorahy

Brand

Şar

et al. 2014

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

162

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Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. Method: The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: 1) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, 2) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, 3) comparisons were made with other samples, 4) DID was differentiated from other DID: An empirical overview 2 disorders, including other Dissociative Disorders, 5) extraneous variables were controlled or 6) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data is organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. Results: DID was found to be a complex yet valid disorder across a range of markers. It can be accurately discriminated from other disorders, especially when structured diagnostic interviews assess identity alterations and amnesia. DID is aetiologically associated with a complex combination of developmental and cultural factors, including severe childhood relational trauma. The prevalence of DID appears highest in emergency psychiatric settings and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Psychobiological studies are beginning to identify clear correlates of DID associated with diverse brain areas and cognitive functions. They are also providing an understanding of the potential metacognitive origins of amnesia. Phase-oriented empirically-guided treatments are emerging for DID. Conclusions: The empirical literature on DID is accumulating, although some areas remain under-investigated.Existing data show DID as a complex, valid, and not uncommon disorder, associated with developmental and cultural variables, that is amenable to psychotherapeutic intervention. KeywordsDissociative identity disorder, validity, phenomenology, aetiology, psychobiology, [see Taylor, 1983 ], Janet, 1907Prince, 1905). More recently DID has become the subject of considerable debate (e.g., Dalenberg et al., 2012;Gleaves, 1996;McHugh and Putnam, 1995;Merskey, 1992), especially around its validity, aetiology and prevalence. Often This overview is designed to provide a current "broad-brush" outline of the scientific foundation of DID by focusing on DID-specific research. Thus the overview excludes opinion pieces and papers without DID data and is confined to studies identified in searches of major psychological (e.g., Psycinfo) and psychiatric databases (e.g., Medline) which investigated individuals with DID where one or more of the following conditions were met: 1) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, 2) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, 3) comparisons were made with other samples, 4) DID was differentiat...

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“…Williams saw this BPD feature as a failure in autobiographical memory, an essential DID feature that was prominent among our respondents [34]. The two disorders are reported to have other common characteristics, including self-injurious behaviors, depression, anxiety and depersonalization [44]. The five respondents in this study were victims of incest.…”

Section: Convergence Of Borderline and Dissociative Symptomatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnographic Study of Former Dissociative Identity Disorder Patients

Somer

Nave

2001

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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Three therapists interviewed five of their former DID patients in a semistructured depth interview. Two respondents were Israeli, two were North American, and one was Dutch. Prior to therapy their sense of self had been vague at best and was described as an uncomfortable feeling of internal void. They all had at least rudimentary recollections of their childhood suffering. They were more likely to believe their memories of childhood abuse if they succeeded in experiencing the feelings connected with those images. Fantasy, spirituality, and religion played a role in helping them manage their existence. Their integration process was incremental, as they gradually embraced the disowned aspects and functions of the self. Dissociative and ego state processes were still present during the period of data collection. The results are discussed in terms of the convergence of borderline and dissociative symptomatology, the role of fantasy and spirituality in DID, therapeutic processes, and patterns of treatment outcome.

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The Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder From Borderline Personality Disorder

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder

Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

An Ethnographic Study of Former Dissociative Identity Disorder Patients

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