The differential diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori negative gastritis

El‐Zimaity, Hala; Choi, Won‐Tak; Lauwers, Gregory Y.; Riddell, Robert H.

doi:10.1007/s00428-018-2454-6

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…After all of these exclusions, the term idiopathic gastritis can be used. 20 When the histopathologic examination is carried out, it is important to use the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems proposed by Rugge et al 21 and Capelle et al, 22 respectively, to score the lesions in both the antrum and the body to evaluate the risk of neoplastic evolution. 23 Furthermore, during this last year, emphasis was made on the importance of looking at incomplete intestinal metaplasia which carries a higher risk of progression toward gastric cancer than the complete type (OR: 11.4, 95% CI: 1.4-91.4).…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

et al. 2019

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Endoscopic imaging of the stomach is improving. In addition to narrow band imaging, other methods, for example, blue light imaging and linked color imaging, are now available and can be combined with artificial intelligence systems to obtain information on the gastric mucosa and detect early gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry is only recommended as an ancillary stain in case of chronic active gastritis without Helicobacter pylori detection by standard staining, and recommendations to exclude false negative H. pylori results have been made. Molecular methods using real‐time PCR, droplet digital PCR, or amplification refractory mutation system PCR have shown a high accuracy, both for detecting H. pylori and for clarithromycin susceptibility testing, and can now be used in clinical practice for targeted therapy. The most reliable non‐invasive test remains the 13C‐urea breath test. Large data sets show that DOB values are higher in women and that the cut‐off for positivity could be decreased to 2.74 DOB. Stool antigen tests using monoclonal antibodies are widely used and may be a good alternative to UBT, particularly in countries with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. Attempts to improve serology by looking at specific immunodominant antigens to distinguish current and past infection have been made. The interest of Gastropanel® which also tests pepsinogen levels was confirmed.

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Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

et al. 2019

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“…Excluding a false-negative H. pylori result remains a special challenge. For this purpose, marked reactive changes in both the antral and oxyntic mucosa need to be interpreted in the context of atrophy of other etiologies, or use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) [15]. El Zimaity et al reported that H. pylori may only be found in parietal cells in patients on PPI.…”

Section: Gastritis: Classification Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a picture reinforces the priority of assessing and quantifying gastric mucosal atrophy endoscopically and histologically, considering the whole spectrum of atrophy phenotypes, all of which might be Table 1. Gastritis: histological classification (modified from El-Zimaity [15]); variants of (long-standing, non-self-limiting) gastritis that may result in atrophic changes are identified as "A"…”

Section: Gastritis: 2020 Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastritis: An Update in 2020

Sugano

Sacchi

Sbaraglia

et al. 2020

Curr Treat Options Gastro

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Purpose of review The gastritis constellation includes heterogeneous clinicopathological entities, among which long-standing, non-self-limiting gastritis, mainly due to Helicobacter pylori infection, has been epidemiologically, biologically, and clinically linked to gastric cancer development (i.e. “inflammation-associated cancer”). This review illustrates the updated criteria applied in the taxonomy of gastritis (Kyoto classification), elucidates the biological rationale for endoscopy biopsy sampling (heterogeneity of gastric mucosa), and finally reports the results of long-term follow-up studies supporting the reliability of biopsy-based gastritis staging as predictor of gastritis-associated cancer risk. Recent findings By assuming gastric atrophy as the “cancerization field” where (non-syndromic) gastric cancer mostly develops, recent long-term follow-up studies consistently demonstrate the prognostic impact of the gastritis OLGA staging system. Summary Helicobacter pylori eradication is the leading strategy in the primary prevention of gastric cancer. In a multidisciplinary dimension of secondary cancer prevention, the OLGA staging system reliably ranks the patient-specific cancer risk, thus providing the clinical rationale for a tailored follow-up strategy.

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“…Cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common manifestation of tissue-invasive CMV disease and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the solid organ transplantation recipients. Patients usually present with esophagitis, colitis, and hepatitis; however, infection can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract [17,24,25].…”

Section: Disease In Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, mucosal erosion, ulceration, hemorrhage, necrosis, perforation, and/or fistula formation can be detected. CMV colitis is characterized by uneven inflammation in the lamina propria, with active changes and ulcers with abundant purulent exudate (Figures 3 and 5) [24].…”

Section: Disease In Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections after Kidney Transplantation: CMV and BK

Večerić-Haler¹,

Kojc²

2019

Perioperative Care for Organ Transplant Recipient

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Opportunistic infections commonly occur during the first 6 months after kidney transplant, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and polyomaviruses. Viral pathogens such as CMV and polyomaviruses, JC or BK virus (BKV), are able to replicate in the kidney and/or cause systemic disease, and symptomatic infection with these agents can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised host. While BK virus usually replicates in kidney transplant causing BK virus nephropathy (BKN) with characteristic decoy cells in the urine, CMV infection more often leads to systemic infection involving the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), lungs, or liver and can only sporadically be detected in renal transplant. In both cases, the disease is most often due to reactivation of a latent virus. Prevention and early treatment of posttransplant infection are therefore crucial with kidney transplant recipients. Since BKV viruria and viremia can be seen without renal injury and viral nephropathy, a diagnosis of BKN must be confirmed by renal biopsy. To date, preemptive treatment is the best strategy for CMV infection, while no available standard therapy, except for reduction of immunosuppression, is available for BKV infection.

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The differential diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori negative gastritis

Cited by 30 publications

References 115 publications

Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

Gastritis: An Update in 2020

Viral Infections after Kidney Transplantation: CMV and BK

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