The differences in health-related quality of life between younger and older adults and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia

Abstract

Background It is well known that diabetes mellitus (DM) affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in both younger (aged 18–64 years) and older adults (aged ≥ 65 years). However, to date, no study has compared HRQOL and its predictors between younger and older adults with DM in Indonesia. Such a comparison is important because the results can guide nurses and clinicians to establish evidence-based educational programs that are specific and suitable for patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the difference in HRQOL and its predictors in younger and older adults with DM in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 641 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were recruited via simple random sampling from 16 primary health centers in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. A self-administered questionnaire containing the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, the DDS17 Bahasa Indonesia, the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, the Family APGAR, and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey was used to measure diabetes self-management (DSM), diabetes distress (DD), depression, self-efficacy, family support, and HRQOL, respectively. Independent t-tests were used to compare the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores between younger and older adults with T2DM. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine the factors associated with HRQOL in both groups. Results PCS scores were significantly different between the two groups. Older adults reported lower PCS scores than younger adults. No differences between the two groups were observed in the MCS scores. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that level of education, employment status, number of diabetes-related complications, DSM, DD, depression, and self-efficacy were significant predictors of HRQOL in younger adults, while income, depression, DD, and self-efficacy were significant predictors of HRQOL in older adults. DD was the strongest predictor of HRQOL in younger adults, and depression was the strongest predictor in older adults. Conclusion Older adult patients had lower PCS scores than younger adult patients. This study is the first to show that the predictors of HRQOL differ between younger and older adults with T2DM. It provides insights for nurses and clinicians in Indonesia to establish evidence-based, age-specific educational programs.

Correlations of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity with Body Image and Quality of Life among Young and Older Adults: A Pilot Study

“…Concerning QoL, the data showed that compared with older adults, young adults had significantly higher scores for QoL and some subscales including physical health and environment. Living alone, missing important people in life, lower physical and mental health, and less social and emotional support may be among the possible reasons for a lower QoL among older adults than younger adults [ 22 , 24 , 51 ]. Finally, we found that in young adults, PA (e.g., MPA, VPA, and MVPA) was correlated with QoL and all its subscales.…”

“…In addition, it was shown that PA is a strong predictor of quality of life (QoL) [ 20 ]. QoL is a broad multidimensional concept that refers to an individual’s perception of their position in life and opportunities for happy and active participation in sociocultural, economic, and political life [ 21 , 22 ]. Improving the quality of life is widely regarded as a priority area of health interventions even if the economic status and social conditions of countries are not conducive to such actions [ 23 ].…”

Differences in the Relationships Between Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, Balance Function, and Quality of Life for Middle-Aged and Older Breast Cancer Survivors

“… 8 In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, older (aged ≥65 years) patients reported lower physical component summary scores of QOL than younger (aged <65 years). 9 As described above, older BCSs may have decreased muscle strength and muscle mass, and decreased balance function compared to middle-aged BCSs. QOL may also be reduced in older BCSs.…”

The Chinese version of the revised Diabetes Distress Scale for adults with type 2 diabetes: Translation and validation study

“…The scale was developed based on previous self-report instruments, resulting in four sub-dimensions with 17 items: five items for emotional burden, four items for physician distress, five items for regimen distress, and three items for interpersonal distress [ 18 , 19 ]. For each item, scores range from 1 to 6 (1 = not a problem , 2 = a slight problem , 3 = a moderate problem , 4 = a somewhat serious problem , 5 = a serious problem , or 6 = a very serious problem ) [ 20 ]. Each sub-scale was scored separately by averaging the total score of the sub-scale, while the total score is generated by averaging all item responses [ 21 , 22 ].…”