The Differences Between Winners and Losers in Competition: the Relation of Cognitive and Emotional Aspects During a Competition to Hemodynamic Responses

Yamaguchi, Daisuke; Tezuka, Yosuke; Suzuki, Naoto

doi:10.1007/s40750-018-0104-5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Thus, hormones such us testosterone and cortisol have been related with the ability to perform soccer skills at high speed and recovery capacity [2][3][4][5], and their release is driven not only by internal triggers but also regulated by environmental stimulus through different areas at central nervous system [6][7][8][9]. In this line, it has been widely reported that the capability to modulate humoral factors was related with success in sport games competitions [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, competitive duels outcome may be influenced by the neuroendocrine response patterns that can change after victory or defeat [13]. Some dominant behaviours that motivate and modulate the human being to compete against each other, or to be aversive rivals are related to neuroendocrine responses [10][11][12][13]. According to several authors, high testosterone concentrations (T) have been related to social status, seeking and dominating behaviours in animal and human studies [6,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Competition Seriousness and Competition Level Modulate Testosterone and Cortisol Responses in Soccer Players

Jiménez

Alvero-Cruz

Solla

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study aimed to analyze the modulating effect of competition seriousness and competition level in the testosterone and cortisol responses in professional soccer player. Ninety five (95) soccer players were included in this study (professional, n = 39; semiprofessional, n = 27; amateur, n = 29) before and after training, friendly game and official games. Repeated measures ANOVA showed higher testosterone levels (F(1,89) = 134, p < 0.0001, η2p = 0.75) in professional soccer players, when compared with semiprofessional (p < 0.0001) or amateur athletes (p < 0.0001). After winning a competition game an increase in testosterone levels was observed in professionals (t = −3.456, p < 0.001), semiprofessionals (t = −4.400, p < 0.0001), and amateurs (t = −2.835, p < 0.009). In contrast, this momentary hormonal fluctuation was not observed after winning a friendly game or during a regular training day. Additionally, statistical analysis indicated that cortisol levels were lower in professional (t = −3.456, p < 0.001) and semiprofessional athletes (t = −4.400, p < 0.0001) than in amateurs (t = −2.835, p < 0.009). In soccer players a rise in testosterone was only observable when the team was faced with an actual challenge but did not support a different response between categories. Thus, the desire to achieve a goal (and keep the social status) may be one of the key reasons why testosterone levels rise promptly. Conversely, testosterone did not change after friendly games, which suggests these situations are not real goals and the players do not perceive an actual threat (in terms of dominance) more than the preparation for their next competitive game.

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