The Difference of Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Patient's Saliva with Gingivitis Associated with Dental Plaque Only Before and After Scaling at Periodontics Installation, Faculty of Dentistry USU

Abstract

Abstract-Plaque induced gingival disease is the result of an interaction between the microorganisms found in the dental plaque biofilm and the tissues and inflammatory cells of the host. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are the first protection for tissues of the mouth and body. At the time of bacterial phagocytes, PMN leukocyte and macrophage cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS will be issued on the tissue and can cause tissue damage through various mechanisms. ROS may cause oxidative stress, which is a condition an imbalance of ROS production and endogenous. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant present in saliva counteracts against superoxide, SOD functions to catalyze the reaction dismutase of superoxide anion ROS into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Scaling therapy is the most commonly used procedure for treating gingivitis and periodontitis. Non-surgical therapy can restore and control both local and systemic antioxidant capacity such as modifying SOD levels and more. Previous studies have suggested superoxide dismutase levels in gingivitis patients higher after nonsurgical treatment, there are also studies suggesting higher levels of superoxide dismutase before nonsurgical treatment. This research is an experimental research with pre and posttest design. Was performed at the Periodontics Installation Faculty of Dentistry USU, with 12 subjects with gingivitis plaque induced only, the measurement of superoxide dismutase was performed twice before scaling and after scaling (PBI <5). 2 ml saliva was examined by spectrophotometry method and analyzed using t-paired test. The levels of superoxide dismutase in saliva before scaling (13.59 ± 4.59) higher than after scaling (9.66 ± 4.75), the difference was not significant (p= 0.09, p> 0.05). There was a difference in superoxide dismutase levels in saliva patients Gingivitis plaque induced only before and after scaling.

Is There Any Association Between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Periodontitis? A Systematic Review

“…Three studies only assessed the serum IgG levels of the oral bacteria associated with periodontopathic biofilms (Kamer et al, 2009 ; Stein et al, 2012 ; Noble et al, 2014 ); one study evaluated periodontitis by clinical parameters and also assessed pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in serum (Cestari et al, 2016 ). The immune-inflammatory response triggered by periodontal pathogens turns the individual more susceptible to several systemic diseases (Friedewald et al, 2009 ; Hanes and Krishna, 2010 ; Otomo-Corgel et al, 2012 ; Tonetti et al, 2013 ; Ferreira et al, 2017 ; Martelli et al, 2017 ; Syahputra et al, 2018 ) including dementia (National Academies of Sciences, 2017 ) and neurodegenerative diseases (Webster et al, 2008 ; Kamer et al, 2009 ).…”