The Difference Levels of Hepcidin and Interleukin-6 between Obese and Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Inflammation occurs in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 DM with obesity can increase interleukin (IL)-6, causing an increase in hepcidin synthesis in the liver. Increased inflammation can exacerbate the course of type 2 DM. This study aims to prove that there are differences in the levels of hepcidin and IL-6 between obese and non-obese type 2 DM.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 patients with type 2 DM, consist of 22 male and 39 female with an age of more than 40 years. Type 2 DM subjects were obtained from a doctor's diagnosis and were divided into obese and non-obese groups based on body mass index (BMI). Hepcidin and IL-6 levels were examined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) principle. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test.RESULTS: The mean level of hepcidin in the obese with type 2 DM group was 25.32±11.54 ng/mL, and non-obese was 11.94±5.31 ng/mL. The median level of IL-6 in the obese with type 2 DM group was 11.9 (5-61) pg/mL, and non-obese 4.8 (1.5-9.8) pg/mL. There was a significant difference in hepcidin and IL-6 levels between the obese and non-obese groups (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: Hepcidin and IL-6 levels in the obese group with type 2 DM were higher than non-obese group.KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hepcidin, interleukin-6

Insulin Resistance and Other Adipokines as Clinical Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women

“…Pregnancy is a physiological state associated with insulin resistance, hyper-insulinemia and may predispose developed diabetes mellitus in some women. (1,2) Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a complex disease characterized by elevated blood glucose, can been defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Given the possibility that unrecognized glucose intolerance may have preceded pregnancy, the use of the term hyperglycemia during pregnancy seems more appropriate as recently indicated by the Endocrine Society.…”