The diets of school‐aged <scp>A</scp>boriginal youths in <scp>C</scp>anada: a systematic review of the literature

Gates, Allison; Skinner, Kelly; Gates, Michelle

doi:10.1111/jhn.12246

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In fact, our data showed that for all years examined, either grain-based desserts or salty snacks were the number one source of sodium intake from snacking (Supplementary Table S3). Our findings are also supported by research from other countries which has shown, not only that the foods consumed as snacks are generally from less healthy food groups [23], but that disparities exist between various race-ethnic and education groups [24,25,26,27]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Emerging Disparities in Dietary Sodium Intake from Snacking in the US Population

2017

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Background: The US population consumes dietary sodium well in excess of recommended levels. It is unknown how the contribution of snack foods to sodium intake has changed over time, and whether disparities exist within specific subgroups of the US population. Objective: To examine short and long term trends in the contribution of snack food sources to dietary sodium intake for US adults and children over a 37-year period from 1977 to 2014. Methods: We used data collected from eight nationally representative surveys of food intake in 50,052 US children aged 2–18 years, and 73,179 adults aged 19+ years between 1977 and 2014. Overall, patterns of snack food consumption, trends in sodium intake from snack food sources and trends in food and beverage sources of sodium from snack foods across race-ethnic, age, gender, body mass index, household education and income groups were examined. Results: In all socio-demographic subgroups there was a significant increase in both per capita sodium intake, and the proportion of sodium intake derived from snacks from 1977–1978 to 2011–2014 (p < 0.01). Those with the lowest household education, Non-Hispanic Black race-ethnicity, and the lowest income had the largest increase in sodium intake from snacks. While in 1977–1978 Non-Hispanic Blacks had a lower sodium intake from snacks compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (p < 0.01), in 2011–2014 they had a significantly higher intake. Conclusions: Important disparities are emerging in dietary sodium intake from snack sources in Non-Hispanic Blacks. Our findings have implications for future policy interventions targeting specific US population subgroups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Emerging Disparities in Dietary Sodium Intake from Snacking in the US Population

2017

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“…Particularly, Indigenous youths in the present study showed overall poor diets, as indicated by the higher proportion of Indigenous youths not meeting the dietary guidelines and consuming more NNDFs compared to other ethnic groups. The need for improving the diets of Indigenous Canadian youths has already been identified and our findings reinforce such previous research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Understanding such healthy eating recommendations is shown to be associated with healthy eating practices . Despite the importance of healthy eating behaviours during adolescence, the current eating patterns among Canadian adolescents have been found to be inconsistent with the dietary guidelines . Newcomer populations are particularly at increased risk of poor nutrition because of a dietary transition towards a poor diet .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Canada's Food Guide recommendations among Alberta's multi‐ethnic youths is a major concern: findings from the WHY ACT NOW project

Kolahdooz

Nader

Daemi

et al. 2018

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Barriers identified in the present study could be subject to substantial weakening or decline over time, such as staff inconsistency in policy implementation as staff turnover occurs and more staff members implement the policy in their classrooms due to increased administrative support. More studies of First Nation communities in Canada that are implementing school health policies would provide additional direction in creating culturally relevant health policies (Gates, Skinner, & Gates, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

"It's huge in First Nation culture for us, as a school, to be a role model": Facilitators and Barriers Affecting School Nutrition Policy Implementation in Alexander First Nation

Murray¹,

Committee²,

Farmer³

et al. 2017

IJIH

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This mixed-methods community-based participatory research generated knowledge of school staff perceptions of the facilitators of and barriers to implementation of a Canadian First Nation school’s healthy nutrition policy. Themes derived from seven qualitative staff interviews were integrated with quantitative data derived from 28 staff surveys. The Medicine Wheel was used to describe results, as it provided a non-hierarchical and relational way to categorize all components and stakeholders of nutrition policy implementation. Factors that facilitated policy implementation were associated with the school environment, including the nutritional quality of foods sold or offered at school, administrative support, and foundational health programming prior to policy development. Staff identified the school as a role model for community members and as a key facilitator of policy implementation (for example, in leading health initiatives, providing a place for nutritious food and physical activity opportunities, and acting as a health resource for all community members). Barriers included inconsistency between staff members in policy implementation, uncertainty about staff members’ role in policy implementation, and lack of school communication with parents regarding the policy. One of the informative barriers from a First Nation perspective was the perceived misalignment of traditional foods, such as bannock or wild game, served at First Nation cultural events with federally derived nutrition standards that emphasize a low-fat diet. Results suggest strengthening school nutrition policy implementation by increasing staff nutrition education and certainty of their roles as policy facilitators, advocates, and enforcers; improving communication with families; having supportive school health programming; and ensuring the school, community, and home environment all reinforce healthy eating.

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The diets of school‐aged Aboriginal youths in Canada: a systematic review of the literature

Abstract: The diets of Canadian Aboriginal youths are energy-dense and nutrient-poor. The diets of Inuit and Métis youths, in particular, and perceptions of a balanced diet warrant further investigation.

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Emerging Disparities in Dietary Sodium Intake from Snacking in the US Population

Emerging Disparities in Dietary Sodium Intake from Snacking in the US Population

Adherence to Canada's Food Guide recommendations among Alberta's multi‐ethnic youths is a major concern: findings from the WHY ACT NOW project

"It's huge in First Nation culture for us, as a school, to be a role model": Facilitators and Barriers Affecting School Nutrition Policy Implementation in Alexander First Nation

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