The diet rapidly and differentially affects the gut microbiota and host lipid mediators in a healthy population

Abstract

Background Bioactive lipids produced by human cells or by the gut microbiota might play an important role in health and disease. Dietary intakes are key determinants of the gut microbiota, its production of short-chain (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), and of the host endocannabinoidome signalling, which are all involved in metabolic diseases. This hypothesis-driven longitudinal fixed sequence nutritional study, realized in healthy participants, was designed to determine if a lead-in diet affects the host response to a short-term dietary intervention. Participants received a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) for 3 days, a 13-day lead-in controlled diet reflecting the average Canadian dietary intake (CanDiet), and once again a MedDiet for 3 consecutive days. Fecal and blood samples were collected at the end of each dietary phase to evaluate alterations in gut microbiota composition and plasma levels of endocannabinoidome mediators, SCFAs, and BCFAs. Results We observed an immediate and reversible modulation of plasma endocannabinoidome mediators, BCFAs, and some SCFAs in response to both diets. BCFAs were more strongly reduced by the MedDiet when the latter was preceded by the lead-in CanDiet. The gut microbiota response was also immediate, but not all changes due to the CanDiet were reversible following a short dietary MedDiet intervention. Higher initial microbiome diversity was associated with reduced microbiota modulation after short-term dietary interventions. We also observed that BCFAs and 2-monoacylglycerols had many, but distinct, correlations with gut microbiota composition. Several taxa modulated by dietary intervention were previously associated to metabolic disorders, warranting the need to control for recent diet in observational association studies. Conclusions Our results indicate that lipid mediators involved in the communication between the gut microbiota and host metabolism exhibit a rapid response to dietary changes, which is also the case for some, but not all, microbiome taxa. The lead-in diet influenced the gut microbiome and BCFA, but not the endocannabinoidome, response to the MedDiet. A higher initial microbiome diversity favored the stability of the gut microbiota in response to dietary changes. This study highlights the importance of considering the previous diet in studies relating the gut microbiome with lipid signals involved in host metabolism.

Exome-Based Amino Acid Optimization: A Dietary Strategy to Satisfy Human Nutritional Demands and Enhance Muscle Strength in Breast Tumor Mice Undergoing Chemotherapy

“…Dietary interventions inevitably influence the composition of the gut microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in nutrient digestion and absorption, often determining the effectiveness of dietary outcomes. , To investigate the impact of QJS on the gut microbiota, we conducted 16s rDNA sequencing on fecal samples from different groups. Our findings revealed that the Pac group exhibited a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (1.05 ± 0.92) compared to the tumor model group (0.72 ± 0.94) (Figure a), indicating dysbiosis in the paclitaxel-treated tumor-bearing mice.…”

“…In conclusion, our study not only provides novel insights into the impact of an amino acid-balanced supplement guided by ExAAs on the transcriptome profiles of skeletal muscle in a breast tumor mouse model but also reveals the intricate interplay between nutritional intervention, immune responses, and muscle strength alteration. The distinct transcriptome signatures, the enrichment of complement-related pathways, and the alterations in specific genes and immune cell populations collectively shed light on the potential mechanism underlying the observed muscle strength enhancement in 29,30 To investigate the impact of QJS on the gut microbiota, we conducted 16s rDNA sequencing on fecal samples from different groups. Our findings revealed that the Pac group exhibited a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (1.05 ± 0.92) compared to the tumor model group (0.72 ± 0.94) (Figure 6a), indicating dysbiosis in the paclitaxel-treated tumor-bearing mice.…”

A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms

“…These findings align with previous research demonstrating a reproducible increase in these genera through an MD. 72 A growing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of Akkermansia muciniphila , a mucin-degrading bacterium, in influencing the host brain function via the gut-brain axis. Studies actively investigating its potential role in AD have proposed several plausible mechanisms, including regulation and protection of the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and modulation of immune responses and metabolites.…”

Colorectal cancer and endoplasmic reticulum stress – potential targets for therapeutic compounds

“…Liang et al (2017) found that in patients with CRC and adenoma, the organization of the intestinal microbiota is disturbed, which is not the case in healthy patients. Switching from an African-derived diet (high in plant polysaccharides including fibre, and low in fat and processed meat) to a typical Western diet (low in plant polysaccharides/fiber and high in fat, processed meat, and sugar) has been found to lead to a rapid change in the composition and population density of the intestinal microbiota [65][66]. After the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, waste products, which are basically complex carbohydrates (dietary fibre), protein residues and primary bile acids, secreted by the liver to digest fats, arrive in the colon.…”