The Dielectric Properties of Silicone Fluids

Hakim, Raymond M.; Olivier, R.; St-Onge, H.

doi:10.1109/tei.1977.298043

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Temperature corrections in the complex permittivity measurements are required since there were small variations in temperature between the samples. We estimate the temperature corrections would be <2% for all samples . We expect the measured permittivities should be within 6% of the actual value based on the probe accuracy and measurement repeatability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Technical Note: T₁ and T₂ and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Gach

2019

Medical Physics

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Purpose: To identify an inexpensive, low-dielectric liquid for large magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantoms that can be used at multiple magnetic field strengths. Methods: The T 1 and T 2 of four candidate phantom liquids (pure mineral oil, food-grade white mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol) with low dielectric constants were measured at three field strengths (0.35, 1.5, and 3 T) and extrapolated for 7 T. The complex permittivities of the liquids were measured for frequencies from 13 to 600 MHz. Proton densities were calculated based on molecular weight, proton number, and density. The results were compared to the American College of Radiology (ACR) large MRI phantom electrolyte liquid (10 mM NiCl 2 and 75 mM NaCl in water) and deionized water. The liquids were evaluated based on the NEMA standards (T 1 < 1200 ms, T 2 > 50 ms, proton density within 20% of water, and produces minimal dielectric artifacts). The radiofrequency (RF) wavelengths were computed for each liquid at the four field strengths to determine the risk of dielectric artifacts. Results: The mineral oils were the only liquids to satisfy all of the NEMA guidelines. Excluding deionized water, silicone oil had the longest T 1 and T 2 , and was the most expensive liquid ($200/L). Glycerol had the shortest T 1 and T 2 , and the highest dielectric (excluding the ACR phantom electrolyte and deionized water). All of the liquids except silicone oil met the NEMA proton density guidelines. Conclusions: Food-grade white mineral oil is a good candidate for use in a phantom due to its relaxation times, low dielectric, high proton density, and low cost. Glycerol and deionized water are poor choices for phantom liquids due to their relaxation times and high dielectric constants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Technical Note: T₁ and T₂ and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Gach

2019

Medical Physics

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“…The viscosity, from the manufacturer, is η=0.048 Pa·s, and the dielectric constant is 2.7 42 . The two ionic liquids used were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C 2 C 1 Im][NTf 2 ], and 1butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide,…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscosity, from the manufacturer, is η=0.048 Pa•s, and the dielectric constant is 2.7 42 . The two ionic liquids used were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties from Ref. 42 . (c) 1ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, properties from Ref.…”

Section: Surface Force Balance Modified For Application Of Electric Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thin Au or Cu wire was contacted to each silver surface through a small piece of conductive glue (made from Shell EPON 1004 and graphite). The Au wires are provided by Goodfellow, 0.125 mm Au diameter, with a PTFE coating of 0.016 mm thick- 42 . (c) 1ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, properties from Ref.…”

Section: Surface Force Balance Modified For Application Of Electric F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface forces generated by the action of electric fields across liquid films

Perez-Martinez

Perkin

2019

Soft Matter

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We explore the force generation and surface interactions arising when electric fields are applied across fluid films. Using a surface force balance (SFB) we measure directly the force between two electrodes in crossed-cylinder geometry across dielectric and electrolytic fluids. In the case of dielectric films the field between the electrodes exerts a force which can be well explained using classic expressions and with no fitting parameters. However when the electrodes are separated by a film of electrolyte, an alternating electric field induces a force which diverges substantially from the calculated static response of the electrolyte. The magnitude of the force is larger than predicted, and the interaction can switch from attractive to repulsive. Furthermore, the approach to steady state in electrolyte takes place over 10 2 -10 3 s which is very slow compared to both the charging and viscous timescales of the system. The non-trivial electrolyte response in AC electric fields, measured here directly, is likely to underlie several recent reports of unexpected and bifurcating forces driving colloids in AC fields. Our measurements suggest ways to control colloidal and soft matter using electric fields, as well as providing a direct measure of the lengthand time-scales relevant in AC electrochemical and electrokinetic systems.The electric field acts not only on the fluid medium but also introduces a surface force between the oppositely polarised electrodes. This surface force is a convenient measurable quantity which allows direct insight into the relaxation times 7 , dynamic

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Thermally stimulated currents in oil‐immersed polypropylene

Ochiai

Ito

Mizutani

et al. 1981

Electrical Engineering Japan

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The Dielectric Properties of Silicone Fluids

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Technical Note: T₁ and T₂ and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Technical Note: T₁ and T₂ and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Surface forces generated by the action of electric fields across liquid films

Thermally stimulated currents in oil‐immersed polypropylene

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The Dielectric Properties of Silicone Fluids

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Technical Note: T1 and T2 and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Technical Note: T1 and T2 and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Surface forces generated by the action of electric fields across liquid films

Thermally stimulated currents in oil‐immersed polypropylene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Technical Note: T₁ and T₂ and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T

Technical Note: T₁ and T₂ and complex permittivities of mineral oil, silicone oil, and glycerol at 0.35, 1.5, and 3 T