The diagnostic role of glycosaminoglycans in pleural effusions: A pilot study

Vavetsi, Rozina; Bonovas, Stefanos; Polizou, Paraskevi; Papanastasopoulou, Chrysanthi; Dougekou, Georgia; Sitaras, Nikolaos M.

doi:10.1186/1471-2466-9-9

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Studies supporting the utility of pleural proinflammatory cytokines during pleural fluid analysis revealed that a low absolute neutrophil count may give a diagnosis of empyema with a sensitivity rate of 78.6% and a specificity rate of 88.4% in the presence of elevated IL-8. Similar findings are reported with IL-1 [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: The Promise Of Biological Pleural Markers To Determine Thsupporting

confidence: 91%

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Standstill or a Work in Progress?

et al. 2012

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Pleural fluid analysis yields important diagnostic information in pleural effusions in combination with clinical history, examination, and radiology. For more than 30 years, the initial and most pragmatic step in this process is to determine whether the fluid is a transudate or an exudate. Light's criteria remain the most robust in separating the transudate-exudate classification which dictates further investigations or management. Recent studies have led to the evaluation and implementation of a number of additional fluid analyses that may improve the diagnostic utility of this method. This paper discusses the current practice and future direction of pleural fluid analysis in determining the aetiology of a pleural effusion. While this has been performed for a few decades, a number of other pleural characteristics are becoming available suggesting that this diagnostic tool is indeed a work in progress.

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Section: The Promise Of Biological Pleural Markers To Determine Thsupporting

confidence: 91%

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Standstill or a Work in Progress?

et al. 2012

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“…Thirdly, further developments in contrast agent “activation” by RF, microwaves, and magnetic fields can extend the applications limited by the minimal depth penetration of optical sources. Currently a few in-human studies have used PA techniques: 1) PA spectroscopy to measure oxygenation levels in hyper- and hypo-ventilating healthy volunteers; 95 2) PA flow cytometry to quantify circulating melanoma cells in a stage IV melanoma patient’s blood sample; 96 and 3) in vivo PAT imaging to examine human breast tumors to visualize tumor vascularity based on optical contrast characteristic of breast tissue. 97, 98 Further developments in instrumentation and evaluation of contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging will move toward a molecular approach in the clinic.…”

Section: Preclinical Developments In Molecular Imaging and Potential mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular imaging: current status and emerging strategies

2010

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In vivo molecular imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by detecting diseases in early stages (screening), identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific therapeutic treatment (personalized medicine), applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current clinical molecular imaging approaches primarily use PET- or SPECT-based techniques. In ongoing preclinical research novel molecular targets of different diseases are identified and, sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents for imaging these molecular targets are developed along with new technologies and instrumentation for multimodality molecular imaging. Contrast-enhanced molecular ultrasound with molecularly-targeted contrast microbubbles is explored as a clinically translatable molecular imaging strategy for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diseases at the molecular level. Optical imaging with fluorescent molecular probes and ultrasound imaging with molecularly-targeted microbubbles are attractive strategies since they provide real-time imaging, are relatively inexpensive, produce images with high spatial resolution, and do not involve exposure to ionizing irradiation. Raman spectroscopy/microscopy has emerged as a molecular optical imaging strategy for ultrasensitive detection of multiple biomolecules/biochemicals with both in vivo and ex vivo versatility. Photoacoustic imaging is a hybrid of optical and ultrasound modalities involving optically-excitable molecularly-targeted contrast agents and quantitative detection of resulting oscillatory contrast agent movement with ultrasound. Current preclinical findings and advances in instrumentation such as endoscopes and microcatheters suggest that these molecular imaging modalities have numerous clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.

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“…Asthma affects approximately 300 million people worldwide and the number is projected to reach 400 million by 2025 [1]. Inhalations of allergen stimulates lung epithelial cells and innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DC), nuocytes, basophils, mast cells, and macrophages [2-6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmune semaphorin 4A as a drug and drug target for asthma

Mogie¹,

Shanks²,

Nkyimbeng-Takwi³

et al. 2013

International Immunopharmacology

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Neuroimmune semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) has been shown to play an important costimulatory role in T cell activation and regulation of Th1-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Sema4A has three functional receptors, Tim-2 expressed on CD4+ T cells, Th2 cells in particular, and Plexin B1 and D1 predominantly expressed on epithelial and endothelial cells, correspondingly. We recently showed that Sema4A has a complex expression pattern in lung tissue in a mouse model of asthma. We and others have shown that corresponding Plexin expression can be found on immune cells as well. Moreover, we demonstrated that Sema4A-deficient mice displayed significantly higher lung local and systemic allergic responses pointing to its critical regulatory role in the disease. To determine the utility of Sema4A as a novel immunotherapeutic, we introduced recombinant Sema4A protein to the allergen-sensitized WT and Sema4A−/− mice before allergen challenge. We observed significant reductions in the allergic inflammatory lung response in Sema4A-treated mice as judged by tissue inflammation including eosinophilia and mucus production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in vivo administration of anti-Tim2 Ab led to a substantial upregulation of allergic inflammation in WT mouse lungs. These data highlight the potential to develop Sema4A as a new therapeutic for allergic airway disease.

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The diagnostic role of glycosaminoglycans in pleural effusions: A pilot study

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Standstill or a Work in Progress?

Pleural Fluid Analysis: Standstill or a Work in Progress?

Molecular imaging: current status and emerging strategies

Neuroimmune semaphorin 4A as a drug and drug target for asthma

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