The diagnostic performance of antimullerian hormone for polycystic ovarian syndrome and polycystic ovarian morphology

Vural, Fisun; Vural, Bírol; Kardaş, Eyupcan; Coşkun, Ayşe Deniz Ertürk; Yildirim, İrem

doi:10.1007/s00404-022-06874-w

Arch Gynecol Obstet

2022

DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06874-w

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The diagnostic performance of antimullerian hormone for polycystic ovarian syndrome and polycystic ovarian morphology

Fisun Vural

Bírol Vural²,

Eyupcan Kardaş

et al.

Abstract: Purpose: The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains a challenge to clinicians due to heterogeneous clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria. This study investigated the utilization of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) alone or replacing polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in the PCOS diagnostic criteria.Methods: A total of 401 women were categorised as PCOS (n:154), nonPCOS with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) (n:105), and nonPCOS with normal ovarian morphology (NOM) (n:142). Firstly, diag… Show more

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Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome in light of associated key genes

Bhimwal,

Puneet,

Priyadarshani

2023

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age group at a global level. According to many community-based studies, the prevalence of PCOS in India ranges from 3.7 to 22.5% due to the country's enormous population. Upon ultrasound, it shows multiple cysts arranged in a bead of necklace-like appearance causing irregular menstrual cycles and infertility in most cases. It is manifested with abnormally raised testosterone and insulin levels and increased luteinizing hormone (LH)-to-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio. Phenotypically, it is presented as obesity, hirsutism, acne and male pattern baldness, which impacts the self-esteem of young girls leading to depression and compromised quality of life. Aim Numerous potential genes have been shown to contribute to PCOS, and the genetic linkage of PCOS has been investigated in many studies. In this study we are looking into the candidate genes, the variants, and other responsible factors behind the genesis of PCOS. This will help in better understanding of its pathogenesis and, as a result, deciphering the mechanism by proper medication. Method of the study We comprehensively searched for publications including PCOS-relevant keywords in different areas in five different electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholars, Elsevier, Springer Link and Science Direct up to March 2023 focusing on the new ones. We excluded non-English articles, conference papers and studies that were overlapping. Chosen articles were carefully read and further articles that were retrieved from their references were also reviewed so as to make the search complete with the inclusion criterion. Result This review summarizes PCOS as an polygenic and a multifactorial complex disease in which a vast array of genetic and environmental factors are involved. Genes that affect steroidogenesis (ovarian and adrenal), gonadotropin action and regulation, insulin action and secretion, body mass index and chronic inflammation are directly or indirectly associated with PCOS. Conclusion In this study, research of the genetic propensity to PCOS was made, though not in-depth. With the acquired knowledge of array of genes involved, targeted efforts can be made for the potential therapeutic management of the PCOS patients via the novel discovered routes. Moreover, understanding more about PCOS would be beneficial in prevention of the associated metabolic disorders, life-threatening morbidities, restoring fertility and raising the self-esteem of the young women.

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Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome in light of associated key genes

Bhimwal,

Puneet,

Priyadarshani

2023

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Controversies in Diagnosis

et al. 2023

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that commonly affects women in the reproductive age group. The disorder has features that propose a blend of functional reproductive disorders, such as anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and obesity in women. Until today, the three implemented groups of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS are from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the 1990s, Rotterdam 2003, and the Androgen Excess Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2009 criteria. Currently, the most widely utilized criteria are the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, which validate the diagnosis of PCOS with the incidence of two out of the three criteria: hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical), irregular cycles, and polycystic ovary morphology. Currently, the anti-Müllerian hormone in serum is introduced as a substitute for the follicular count and is controversially emerging as an official polycystic ovarian morphology/PCOS marker. In adolescents, the two crucial factors for PCOS diagnosis are hyperandrogenism and irregular cycles. Recently, artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, is being introduced as a promising diagnostic and predictive tool for PCOS with minimal to zero error that would help in clinical decisions regarding early management and treatment. Throughout this review, we focused on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnostic challenges in females with PCOS.

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The diagnostic performance of antimullerian hormone for polycystic ovarian syndrome and polycystic ovarian morphology

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome in light of associated key genes

Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome in light of associated key genes

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Controversies in Diagnosis

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