The Diagnostic Performance of a Single GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in an Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding Survey among HIV-Infected Prisoners in Malaysia

Al-Darraji, Haider Abdulrazzaq Abed; Razak, Humaira Abd; Ng, Kee Peng; Altice, Frederick L.; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073717

Cited by 65 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This was largely attributed to the missed diagnosis of active TB cases among prisoners and hence the facilitation of on-going TB transmission 25 31. Our recent study of an intensified TB case finding revealed a very high (12.0%) prevalence of undiagnosed active TB among HIV-infected inmates in the same Malaysian prison,11 which may have contributed to the extraordinarily high reported prevalence of TST positivity among prisoners (88.8%) and prison officers (81.0%) in this prison 21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Parallel control programmes need to be implemented to address TB control among prisoners, utilising passive detection and intensified TB case finding 11. To properly address TB control, the WHO recommends the implementation of the ‘Three Is’ (intensified case finding, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and infection control), particularly among people living with HIV, with particular attention to correctional settings 37.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to poor deployment of infection control measures in these facilities, reinfection, in addition to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), plays a major role in the development of active TB disease, and hence persistence of TB among individuals in these settings 9 10. TB transmission is further fuelled in prisons where individuals with HIV are also concentrated, primarily due to criminalisation of people who inject drugs, thereby placing large numbers of individuals with suppressed immune systems who are not only at increased risk of acquiring TB, but also at risk of progressing to active TB disease 11. Eventually, through frequent movement of their residents, these ‘pockets of high TB transmission’ amplify TB, including the more dangerous drug-resistant form, in the general population and sustain TB epidemics in these settings, where resources are limited 10 12 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and correlates of latent tuberculosis infection among employees of a high security prison in Malaysia

et al. 2015

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Objectives Although prison employees share the same tuberculosis (TB) risk environment with prisoners, the magnitude of TB problems among prison employees is unknown in most resource-limited prisons. This survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and correlates of tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity among employees in Malaysia’s largest prison. Methods Consented, full-time prison employees were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, history of working in the correctional system and TB-related risk. TST was placed intradermally and read after 48–72 h. Induration size of ≥10 mm was considered positive. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations with TST positivity. Results Of the 445 recruited prison employees, 420 (94.4%) had complete data. Most were young (median=30.0 years) men (88.8%) who had only worked at this prison (76.4%) for a median total employment period of 60 months (IQR 34.5–132.0). The majority were correctional officers, while civilian employees represented only 7.6% of the sample. Only 26 (6.2%) reported having ever been screened for TB since employment. Prevalence of TST positivity was 81% and was independently associated with longer (≥12 months) prison employment (AOR 4.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 15.9) and current tobacco smoking (AOR=1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.2). Conclusions Latent TB prevalence was high in this sample, approximating that of prisoners in this setting, perhaps suggesting within prison TB transmission in this facility. Formal TB control programmes for personnel and prisoners alike are urgently needed within the Malaysian correctional system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and correlates of latent tuberculosis infection among employees of a high security prison in Malaysia

et al. 2015

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“…While it may be seductive to consider this approach as an alternative to providing evidence-based drug treatment services, such policies harm PWIDs in numerous ways by increasing the risk of devastating TB outbreaks among immunocompromised inmates (Al-Darraji, Razak, Ng, & Altice, 2013; Mayer et al, 2002) and subjecting HIV-infected inmates to profound stigmatization and other human rights violations. Moreover, there is no evidence that such policies reduce the transmission of blood-borne viruses (Jürgens, Nowak, & Day, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-prison drug injection among HIV-infected Ukrainian prisoners: Prevalence and correlates of an extremely high-risk behaviour

Izenberg

Bachireddy

Wickersham

et al. 2014

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background In Ukraine, HIV-infection, injection drug use, and incarceration are syndemic; however, few services are available to incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWIDs). While data are limited internationally, within-prison drug injection (WP-DI) appears widespread and may pose significant challenges in countries like Ukraine, where PWIDs contribute heavily to HIV incidence. To date, WP-DI has not been specifically examined among HIV-infected prisoners, the only persons that can transmit HIV. Methods A convenience sample of 97 HIV-infected adults recently released from prison within 1–12 months was recruited in two major Ukrainian cities. Post-release surveys inquired about WP-DI and injection equipment sharing, as well as current and prior drug use and injection, mental health, and access to within-prison treatment for HIV and other comorbidities. Logistic regression identified independent correlates of WP-DI. Results Complete data for WP-DI were available for 95 (97.9%) respondents. Overall, 54 (56.8%) reported WP-DI, among whom 40 (74.1%) shared injecting equipment with a mean of 4.4 (range 0–30) other injectors per needle/syringe. Independent correlates of WP-DI were recruitment in Kyiv (AOR 7.46, p=0.003), male gender (AOR 22.07, p=0.006), and active pre-incarceration opioid use (AOR 8.66, p=0.005). Conclusions Among these recently released HIV-infected prisoners, WP-DI and injection equipment sharing were frequent and involved many injecting partners per needle/syringe. The overwhelming majority of respondents reporting WP-DI used opioids both before and after incarceration, suggesting that implementation of evidence-based harm reduction practices, such as opioid substitution therapy and/or needle/syringe exchange programs within prison, is crucial to addressing continuing HIV transmission among PWIDs within prison settings. The positive correlation between Kyiv site and WP-DI suggests that additional structural interventions may be useful.

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“…[18][19][20] One in three of all the TB cases identified by Xpert in this program have no documented evidence of access to HCT. This makes it hard to evaluate the uptake and impact of the program among all HIV cases with presumptive TB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Assessment of Gene-Xpert MTB RIF Program Implementation and the Challenges For Enhanced Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Nigeria

Gidado

Jumoke

Nwadike

et al. 2016

SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS

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The Diagnostic Performance of a Single GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in an Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding Survey among HIV-Infected Prisoners in Malaysia

Cited by 65 publications

References 55 publications

Prevalence and correlates of latent tuberculosis infection among employees of a high security prison in Malaysia

Prevalence and correlates of latent tuberculosis infection among employees of a high security prison in Malaysia

Within-prison drug injection among HIV-infected Ukrainian prisoners: Prevalence and correlates of an extremely high-risk behaviour

Assessment of Gene-Xpert MTB RIF Program Implementation and the Challenges For Enhanced Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Nigeria

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