The Diagnosis of X-Chromatin by the Leukocyte Test

Tolksdorf, M

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65787-0_10

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This model expands on classical genetic and cytological evidence suggesting that the inactive X chromosome and the Y chromosome can direct formation of their own specific appendages in a subset of neutrophil nuclei (Davidson and Smith 1954;Lamborot-Mazur et al 1971;Tolksdorf 1974). For instance, XY males and XO Turner's syn-175 drome individuals do not have inactive X chromosomes and their nuclei do not have bona fide drumsticks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…This drumstick appendage consists of a solid, round body of chromatin (about 1.5 µm in diameter) connected to a lobe by a stalk. Genetic and cytological analyses suggest that the inactive X chromosome specifically resides in such drumsticks (Davidson and Smith 1954;Maclean 1962;Mittwoch 1964;Tolksdorf 1974;Hochstenbach et al 1986). In the case of Y chromosome, staining of neutrophils with quinacrine, a Y chromosome-specific dye, indicates that this chromosome lies in a small club-like appendage found in approximately 25% of neutrophils from healthy XY males (Lamborot-Mazur et al 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils

1997

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Human neutrophil nuclei typically consist of three of four large heterochromatic lobes joined by thin, DNA-containing filaments. In addition, some lobes exhibit appendages of various sizes and shapes. Classical genetic and cytological studies suggest that some appendages contain specific chromosomes. The studies reported here provide the first detailed analysis of the spatial relationship between individual chromosomes and recognizable structures in neutrophil nuclei using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Analysis of DNA sequences in chromosomes 2, 18, X, and Y demonstrate that specific lobes in a population of neutrophil nuclei do not have a fixed chromosome content. This result implies that chromosomes partition randomly among lobes during neutrophil differentiation. However, neutrophil nuclear topography is not entirely fortuitous. For instance, none of the sequences probed in this study mapped to a filament and most centromeres lie in clusters near the nuclear periphery. In addition, one of the X chromosome centromeres in females and the Y chromosome centromere in males consistently associate with specific nuclear appendages found in a subset of neutrophil nuclei. Chromosomes 2 and 18 occupy discrete nd separate territories within individual lobes and neither territory ever extends into a filament. Surprisingly, the sizes of these territories are not proportional to chromosome length, suggesting that individual neutrophil chromosomes vary in their degree of compaction. These results are discussed in the light of models that attempt to explain nuclear morphology in terms of chromosome spatial organization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils

1997

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“…Genetic and cytological analyses demonstrate that the drumstick appendage contains the inactive X chromosome [Davidson and Smith, 1954;Tolksdorf, 1974;Hochstenbach et al, 1986;Sanchez et al, 1997] (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Genetic Composition Of Filamentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the mechanisms of nuclear segmentation in human neutrophils

Sanchez

Wangh

1999

J. Cell. Biochem.

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During human neutrophil differentiation, large portions of the genome condense and associate with the nuclear envelope to form filament-like structures. As a result, the nucleus of the mature neutrophil typically consists of a linear array of three or four lobes joined by thin, DNA-containing filaments. Despite the medical significance of neutrophil nuclear morphology, little is known about the events regulating neutrophil nuclear differentiation and its pathological states. This work presents a new model of the mechanisms governing nuclear filament formation in human neutrophils. This model is based on recent chromosome mapping studies in human neutrophils and on studies of genetic and pathological conditions affecting neutrophil nuclear shape. According to this model, filament assembly is initiated by factors that interact with specific regions of the genome in a hierarchical and dose-dependent manner. In this regard, the strategies governing the molecular interactions responsible for filament formation appear to resemble those involved in transcriptional silencing, a phenomenon that also affects the properties of extended chromosomal regions. According to the silencing paradigm, bound filament control Factors must recruit additional Filament Foehn factors which spread along adjacent DNA to mediate filament formation. A better understanding of the factors that shape the neutrophil nucleus may lead to new clinical tools for the diagnosis and manipulation of abnormal neutrophil differentiation.

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“…Also acridine orange can be used because of the rather reddish fluorescence of condensed DNA against the green fluorescence of less condensed isopycnotic DNA (RIGLER, 1966). Giemsa) is adequate (see TOLKSDORF, 1974). With careful staining it is quite possible to differentiate between Y-Size 101 and X-chromatin by quinacrine fluorescence.…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomes

Schwarzacher¹

1976

Handbuch Der Mikroskopischen Anatomie Des Menschen

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The Diagnosis of X-Chromatin by the Leukocyte Test

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils

New insights into the mechanisms of nuclear segmentation in human neutrophils

Chromosomes

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