The diagnosis of urinary tract infections among pregnant women in rural Tanzania; prevalences and correspondence between different diagnostic methods

Olsen, BjøRg Evjen; Hinderaker, Sven Gudmund; Lie, Rolv Terje; Gasheka, Petro; Bærheim, Anders; Bergsjø, Per; Kvåle, Gunnar

doi:10.3109/00016340009169186

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…This is similar to the prevalence of UTI (16.4%) among pregnant women in northern Tanzania (Olsen et al, 2000). The prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria was observed to be 17.9% and 13%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…It may therefore, be unreliable in patients with low pyuria (Eigbefoh et al, 2008;Tincello et al, 1995). The dipstick test was found to have very high false positive which indicates that treatment based on the presence of leukocyte esterase would expose approximately 67% of the mothers and their foetuses to unnecessary antibiotics (Shelton et al, 2001;Olsen et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These infections can be asymptomatic or symptomatic bacteriuria occurring in 5-10% and 1-3% among pregnant women, respectively (Gilstrap et al, 2001). In a study in Hanang in northern Tanzania a prevalence of UTI of 16.4 % among pregnant women has been reported by Olsen et al (2000). Urinary tract infection can be associated with increased risk to the foetus and the mother (Macejko et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

Masinde¹,

Gumodoka²,

Kilonzo³

et al. 2009

Tanzania J Hlth Res

134

111

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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy and these infections. Untreated UTI can be associated with serious obstetric complications. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of UTI among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women attending Bugando Medical centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 247 pregnant women were enrolled, of these 78 (31.5%) were symptomatic and 169 (68.4%) asymptomatic. UTI was diagnosed using mid stream urine (MSU) culture on standard culture media and urinalysis was done using rapid dip stick. The prevalence of bacteriuria among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women were 17.9% and 13.0% respectively, with no signifi cant difference between the two groups (p= 0.307). Using univariate analysis there was no association of parity (p=0.825), gestational age (p=0.173), education (p=0.615), age (p=0.211) and marital status (p=0.949) with bacteriuria. The sensitivity and specifi city of urine dipstick was 38.9% and 86.7% respectively. Escherichia coli (47.2%) and Enterococcus spp (22.2%) were the most commonly recovered pathogens. The rate of resistance of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethaxazole/trimethoprim, gentamicin, ciprofl oxacin, nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and imipenem were 53%, 58.8%, 64.7%, 5.9%, 11.8%, 5.9%, 29.4% and 0%, respectively. In conclusion, asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women is prevalent in our setting and majority of Escherichia coli are resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, SXT and ceftriaxone. Due to low sensitivity of rapid dip stick, routine urine culture and susceptibility testing is recommended to all pregnant women at booking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

Masinde¹,

Gumodoka²,

Kilonzo³

et al. 2009

Tanzania J Hlth Res

134

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a study from Nepal using urine microscopy to detect infections, their point estimate for risk of anemia (Hb < 90 g=l) was similar to ours (doubling of risk), but they had wide confidence intervals (0.45 -8.49). In a previous study, we showed that urinary tract infections were very common in this setting (Olsen et al, 2000), and should be given more attention at antenatal visits. Apart from the association with anemia, urinary tract infections in pregnancy increase the risk of pyelonephritis, amnionitis, premature labor, low birth weight and perinatal death (Schieve et al, 1994), and deserves more attention at antenatal clinics (Carroli et al, 2001).…”

Section: Infections and Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Anemia in pregnancy in rural Tanzania: associations with micronutrients status and infections

et al. 2002

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“…Financial situation may not be considered as a prime factor but a prevalence of 17% of UTI was recorded among women during pregnancy in nations like Tanzania. 85,86 Therefore, the incidence of UTI is common among males and females and females are more prone due to their anatomy. Despite the fact, that UTI is considered as a consequence of bacterial infection there are several other factors which signifies the infection.…”

Section: Other Factors Associated With Risk Of Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

Ramachandran¹

2014

JMEN

135

132

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IntroductionUrinary tract infection is a common contagion among men and women but the incidence is quite high among women due to their physiology. In simple terms, it can be referred as a condition which women will certainly encounter during the span of their life time and the prevalence is higher among women during pregnancy. As the name indicates, the infected parts involve the urinary tract comprising of the upper and lower urinary tract. The infection is named after the part that gets infected and is referred to as cystitis (bladder infection) and phylonephritis (kidney infection). The symptoms associated with the bladder and kidney infections are contrasting which includes painful and frequent urination in case of cystitis as a result of bladder infection whereas conditions like high fever and flank pain are commonly experienced in case of kidney contagion which is referred to as phylonephritis. This prevalence of the infection among children and elderly people is not clearly understood and is currently under study. Bacteria are the prime perpetrator responsible for conferring the infection among humans but the role of certain fungi and viruses cannot be over looked. However, the incidence of UTI as a result of viral or fungal infection is considered to be rare phenomena. Though the infection seems to be harmless in the initial stages, the patient shows a variety of symptoms as the stage progresses and can lead to death in severe circumstances. Research studies have defined urinary tract infection as the most common form of bacterial infection.1,2 Urinary tract infection can be a consequence of poor diagnosis and is regarded as the common hospital acquired infection. 3,4 The infection encompasses a diverse group of clinical syndromes and diseases that differ in epidemiology, etiology, location severity of the condition. 5 In addition to the above factors, it also vary in expressed local symptoms, frequency of recurrence, extent of damage caused, presence of complicating factors and the risk from their reiterate incidence. 6 The occurrence of bladder infection is usually followed by kidney infection and results in blood borne infection and in severe circumstances can lead to dire consequences including death. Therefore, UTI is capable of claiming lives under severe circumstances and proper treatment results in quick recovery from the contagion. The onset of the infection is in the 6 th week of pregnancy through 24 th week. 7 Although the prevalence of bacteriuria during pregnancy is similar to that in non pregnant women, pregnancy enhances the possibility of infection among women. 8,9 The occurrence of the infection is at its peak during pregnancy which in turn relies on several other factors. Though the higher incidence of UTI during pregnancy cannot be accepted as a universal fact as the concept is under the verge of research and several researchers are attempting to figure out the significance of pregnancy in relation to urinary tract infection. The concept of the predominance of UTI among women during pr...

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The diagnosis of urinary tract infections among pregnant women in rural Tanzania; prevalences and correspondence between different diagnostic methods

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

Anemia in pregnancy in rural Tanzania: associations with micronutrients status and infections

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

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