The Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle With Special Reference to Bovine PPD Tuberculin

Francis, John; Choi, Chul-soon; Frost, A.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1973.tb05211.x

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It has been estimated that the tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) are the most important techniques for diagnosis of bovine TB in field [4] [5]. The single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCTT) involving the injection of BPPD intradermally and avian tuberculin at separate sites in the skin fold of the neck yields exceedingly specific results than the single skin injection test as codal fold tuberculin test which uses BPPD only [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

Ahmed¹

2016

AiM

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This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of Rapid Antigen bovine TB antibody test kit (RAT) and any association with cervical comparative tuberculin test (CCTT), (iELISA) and nasal swabs culturing, among based detection of M. bovis infection. A herd of 21 animals aged 1-8 years cross bread cattle of college of veterinary medicine. 19 (90.47%) animals had good body condition scores, two bulls included, and 2 (9.52%) cows were fair. Serum samples were collected, analyzed for anti-bovine TB antibody using RAT and iELISA. Also the herd was screened by CCTT. The tests were carried out twice, more than ten month interval, and twelve nasal swabs were taken within second survey. The first survey results revealed prevalence rate: 4 (19.04%) animals considered positive results (one positive and 3 suspected results) for CCTT, while the prevalence rate according to RAT was 10 (47.61%). The difference between the two prevalence rate was significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 4.50, p-value = 0.03) Kappa = 0.215 95% confidence interval: from −0.128 to 0.558; the strength of agreement is considered to be "fair". The study interprets: sensitivity 30%; specificity 99%. The second survey results revealed prevalence rate according to CCTT was 4 (36.36%), while prevalence rate according to RAT was 5 (45.45%). The difference between the two prevalence was not significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 0.33, p-value = 0.56). Kappa = 0.441 95% confidence interval: from −0.087 to 0.968; the strength of agreement is considered to be "moderate"; sensitivity: 60%; specificity: 83%. All serum samples and nasal swabs gave negative results for iELISA and culturing respectively. The study concluded that RAT was highly specific, easy, labor and time saving, suggesting its use as screening test in bovine tuberculosis, and How to cite this paper: Ahmed, W.A. (2016) Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation. Advances in Microbiology,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

Ahmed¹

2016

AiM

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“…The tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) are currently the best available techniques for international field diagnosis of bovine TB in live animals [1, 2] and it is based on delayed hypersensitivity reactions [3]. The single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test involving the intradermal injection of bovine tuberculin (BT) and avian tuberculin (AT) at separate sites in the skin of the neck gives more specific results than the single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test which uses only BT [4, 5]. TST can effectively detect early stages of M. bovis infection in cattle and allows for rapid removal of infected animals, limited transmission, and fast eradication of bovine TB [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of TST could be affected by environmental factors, host factors (status of immunity, genetics), and nature of the tuberculin used [1, 4, 5, 9]. A perfect cutoff point in a specific geographic area may not be so useful in another environment [1, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon: Seroprevalence Estimates and Rates of Tuberculin Skin Test Reactors at Modified Cut-Offs

Awah-Ndukum

Kudi

Bah

et al. 2012

Veterinary Medicine International

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The aim of this study was to obtain epidemiological estimates of bovine tuberculosis (TB) prevalence in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon using two population-based tuberculin skin test (TST) surveys in the years 2009 and 2010. However, prior to the TST survey in 2010, blood was collected from already chosen cattle for serological assay. Anti-bovine TB antibodies was detected in 37.17% of tested animals and bovine TB prevalence estimates were 3.59%–7.48%, 8.92%–13.25%, 11.77%–17.26% and 13.14%–18.35% for comparative TST at ≥4 mm, ≥3 mm and ≥2 mm cut-off points and single TST, respectively. The agreement between TST and lateral flow was generally higher in TST positive than in TST negative subjects. TheKcoefficients were 0.119, 0.234, 0.251 and 0.254 for comparative TST at ≥4 mm, ≥3 mm and ≥2 mm cut-off points and the single TST groups, respectively. Chi square statistics revealed that strong (P<0.05;χ2>48) associations existed between seroprevalence rates and TST reactors. The study suggested that using lateral flow assay and TST at severe interpretations could improve the perception of bovine TB in Cameroon. The importance of defining TST at modified cut-offs and disease status by post-mortem detection and mycobacterial culture of TB lesions in local environments cannot be overemphasised.

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“…The majority of cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis develop a delayed-type hypersensitivity response, which is manifested as a positive response to intradermal injection with purified protein derivative (PPD) (13). This skin test, or an in vitro correlate, the whole-blood gamma interferon (IFN-␥) test (BOVIGAM; Prionics, Zurich, Switzerland), is used to screen for M. bovis infections and forms the cornerstone of the testand-slaughter approach to tuberculosis control in New Zealand and other countries (reviewed in reference 11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the Sensitivity of the Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis ofMycobacterium bovisInfections in Cattle

Michel

Wedlock

McCarthy

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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In this study, we determined if the sensitivity of the currently available in vitro test to detect bovine tuberculosis could be enhanced by adding the following immunomodulators: interleukin-2 (IL-2); granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); antibodies neutralizing IL-10 and transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤); mono-methyl-L-arginine, which blocks nitric oxide production; and L-methyl-tryptophan, which interferes with the indoleamine dioxygenase pathway. Blood was obtained from uninfected control cattle, experimentally infected cattle, cattle responding positively to the skin test in tuberculosis-free areas (false positives), and cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis from New Zealand and Great Britain. Gamma interferon (IFN-␥) responses to bovine purified protein derivative (PPD-b), avian purified protein derivative, and a fusion protein of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 were measured. Mono-methyl-L-arginine, L-methyl-tryptophan, or an antibody neutralizing TGF-␤ had minimal impact on IFN-␥ production. IL-2 and GM-CSF promoted IFN-␥ release whether antigen was present or not. In contrast, adding an antibody against IL-10 enhanced only antigen-specific responses. In particular, addition of anti-IL-10 to ESAT-6/CFP-10-stimulated blood cultures enhanced the test sensitivity. Furthermore, whole blood cells from field reactors produced substantial amounts of IL-10 upon stimulation with PPD-b or ESAT-6/CFP-10. Testing "false-positive" cattle from tuberculosis-free areas of New Zealand revealed that addition of anti-IL-10 did not compromise the test specificity. Therefore, the use of ESAT-6/CFP-10 with anti-IL-10 could be useful to detect cattle potentially infected with tuberculosis, which are not detected using current procedures.

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The Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle With Special Reference to Bovine PPD Tuberculin

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon: Seroprevalence Estimates and Rates of Tuberculin Skin Test Reactors at Modified Cut-Offs

Enhancement of the Sensitivity of the Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis ofMycobacterium bovisInfections in Cattle

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