The diagnosis of osteoporosis

Kanis, John А.; Melton, L. Joseph; Christiansen, Claus; Johnston, C. Conrad; Khaltaev, Nikolaï

doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650090802

Cited by 3,201 publications

(1,306 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At our facility, osteoporosis was diagnosed according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO): T-score (bone mineral density values as compared to a young adult) less than -2.5 standard deviation (SD) as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (8) . The protocol for zoledronic acid administration to postmenopausal osteoporotic women at our hospital include (1) pre-treatment laboratory investigation are usually carried out and include serum creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), serum Ca, P and ALP levels, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP).…”

Section: Patients and Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of zoledronic acid infusion in patients treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Kuyucu¹

2017

Okmeydani Medical Journal

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Section: Patients and Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of zoledronic acid infusion in patients treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Kuyucu¹

2017

Okmeydani Medical Journal

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“…The Z-score is the number of S.D.s, a given BMD measurement differs from the mean for age-and sex-matched reference population. T-scores characterize BMD in comparison to young adults; WHO defines osteoporosis as a T-score %K2.5 and osteopenia as a T-score OK2.5 and %K1.0 (19). For this study, a cutoff Z-score value of K1.0 was chosen to define reduced BMD.…”

Section: Bmd Measurements By Dxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study

Mäkitie

Heikkinen

Toiviainen-Salo

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Long-term health sequelae of childhood-onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain largely unknown. Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) are recognized complications, but it is unknown whether these persist until adulthood. We evaluated skeletal characteristics and their association with ALL therapy in long-term male ALL survivors. Design: This cross-sectional cohort study included 49 long-term male ALL survivors and 55 agematched healthy males. Methods: BMD and compression fractures were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; blood biochemistry was obtained for parameters of calcium homeostasis. Results: The ALL survivors (median age 29 years, range 25-38 years), assessed 10-38 years after ALL diagnosis, had lower lumbar spine (P!0.001), femoral neck (P!0.001), and whole-body (PZ0.017) BMD than expected based on normative values. When compared with the controls (median age 30 years, range 24-36 years), the ALL survivors had lower lumbar spine BMC (PZ0.014), lower whole-body BMC (P!0.001), and lower whole-body BMD (P!0.001), but the differences were partly explained by differences in height. Altogether, 20% of the ALL survivors had spinal compression fractures, but these were equally prevalent in the controls. Males diagnosed with ALL before age 5 years had significantly lower BMD values. Other recognized risk factors included untreated hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, hypophosphatemia, low IGF-binding protein-3, and low physical activity. Conclusions: At young adulthood, long-term male ALL survivors have significantly reduced BMC and BMD and a high prevalence of spinal compression fractures. Careful follow-up and active treatment of the recognized risk factors are warranted.

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“…Jump force assessed by jumping mechanography has been shown to be positively correlated with cortical bone area and cortical thickness in men aged 25–45 years,20 suggesting that the force generated by muscle contractions has a positive effect on cortical bone parameters. We recently reported differences in the relationships between bone and age between different ethnic groups,21 and it is known that fracture risk varies widely between these groups 22. Differences in body habitus (muscle mass, fat mass, weight, and height) have been shown to be a major contributor to the reported differences in fracture risk3, 23; the contribution of muscle force and power to these ethnic differences is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundAgeing is associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and increased fall risk, all of which contribute to increased fracture risk. Mechanically, bone strength adapts in response to forces created by muscle contractions. Adaptations can be through changes in bone size, geometry, and bending strength. Muscle mass is often used as a surrogate for muscle force; however, force can be increased without changes in muscle mass. Increased fall risk with ageing has been associated with a decline in muscle power—which is a measure of mobility. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to investigate the relationship between muscle parameters in the upper and lower limbs with age in UK men and the influence of ethnicity on these relationships; (ii) to examine the relationships between jump force/grip strength/cross‐sectional muscle area (CSMA) with bone outcomes at the radius and tibia.MethodsWhite European, Black Afro‐Caribbean, and South Asian men aged 40–79 years were recruited from Manchester, UK. Cortical bone mineral content, cross‐sectional area, cortical area, cross‐sectional moment of inertia, and CSMA were measured at the diaphysis of the radius and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Lower limb jump force and power were measured from a single two‐legged jump performed on a ground‐reaction force platform. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Associations between muscle and bone outcomes was determined using linear regression with adjustments for age, height, weight, and ethnicity.ResultsThree hundred and one men were recruited. Jump force was negatively associated with age; for every 10 year increase in age, there was a 4% reduction in jump force (P < 0.0001). There was a significant age–ethnicity interaction for jump power (P = 0.039); after adjustments, this was attenuated (P = 0.088). For every 10 year increase in age, grip strength decreased by 11%. Jump force was positively associated with tibial bone outcomes: a 1 standard deviation greater jump force was associated with significantly higher cortical bone mineral content 3.1%, cross‐sectional area 4.2%, cortical area 3.4%, and cross‐sectional moment of inertia 6.8% (all P < 0.001). Cross‐sectional muscle area of the lower leg was not associated with tibial bone outcomes. Both grip strength and CSMA of the arm were positively associated, to a similar extent, with radius diaphyseal bone outcomes.ConclusionsJump force and power are negatively associated with age in UK men. In the lower limb, the measurement of jump force is more strongly related to bone outcomes than CSMA. It is important to consider jump force and power when understanding the aetiology of bone loss and mobility in ageing men.

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The diagnosis of osteoporosis

Cited by 3,201 publications

References 22 publications

Adverse effects of zoledronic acid infusion in patients treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Adverse effects of zoledronic acid infusion in patients treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Long-term skeletal consequences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult males: a cohort study

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

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