The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: Confronting old problems

Silva, Rômulo Pessoa e; Vaitkevicius-Antão, Victor; Andrade, Tarcísio Matos de; Silva, Anny Caroliny de Oliveira; Oliveira, Gilsan Aparecida de; Trajano-Silva, Lays Adrianne Mendonça; Nakasone, Eiji Kevin Nakasone; Paiva-Cavalcanti, Milena de

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.012

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…(2019) also found discordant results when comparing serology, qPCR and parasitological examination and observed low agreement between the tests in a group of asymptomatic individuals. Poor correlation between different techniques used in the diagnosis of asymptomatic L. infantum infection can occur because of multiple factors, ranging from the ability of each test to detect a different stage of infection (Silva et al ., 2011; Pessoa-E-Silva et al ., 2019) to a consequence of the variable presence of antibodies or parasites in the analysed samples and cross-reactivity, which can lead to false results (Rodríguez-Cortés et al ., 2007; Romero et al ., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Leishmania infantum in blood donors from endemic regions for visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2020

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Visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoonosis observed in over 60 countries, with over 500 000 new cases recorded annually. Although the diagnostic procedure of its symptomatic forms is well established, for asymptomatic patients, who represent about 85% of those infected, there is no consensus on the best method for its identification. Recent studies have presented molecular techniques as viable identification methods, with good sensitivity and specificity indices in asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, we aimed to use molecular methods to assess their effectiveness in identifying the presence of asymptomatic infection by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) individuals from endemic regions of Brazil. Screening was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and confirmed by sequencing the cytochrome B gene. Of the 127 samples [from 608 blood donors who had participated in a previous study, of which 34 were positive by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) rK39] tested by qPCR, 31 (24.4%) were positive. In the sequencing of 10 qPCR-positive samples, five were identified as L. infantum. Complimentary samples of the ELISA rK39 and conventional PCR showed only reasonable and low agreement with qPCR, respectively. The qPCR confirmed the presence of infection in five of the 10 sequenced samples, ELISA confirmed three, and the conventional PCR confirmed none.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Leishmania infantum in blood donors from endemic regions for visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2020

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“…The high seropositivity for Leishmania spp. infection within the scope of passive case detection, along with the well-known association between CVL clinical manifestations and reactivity of serological tests [35][36][37], suggest that CVL diagnosis-seeking behavior is related to animals presenting advanced clinical stages of the disease. This assumption was corroborated by the descriptive survey, since most of the animals presented at least one clinical manifestation of CVL, which was pointed out by dog owners as the main motivation for seeking diagnosis.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive case detection for canine visceral leishmaniasis control in urban Brazil: Determinants of population uptake

et al. 2021

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Background In Brazil, the transmission of Leishmania infantum in urban settings is closely related to infection among dogs, with occasional transmission to humans. Serological screening of dogs for Leishmania spp. infection on requests of their owners (passive case detection) represents a frequent, but little studied, practice within the scope of Brazilian public health. This study identified factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis-seeking behavior of dog owners in Rondonópolis (236,000 inhabitants), a municipality in Central-Western Brazil where VL is endemic. Also, we evaluated the profile of dog owners and their animals screened on free demand. Methodology/Principal findings Using mixed effects negative binomial regression, we modelled the number of dogs screened for Leishmania infection on free demand per neighborhood from 2011 to 2016 as a function of time-dependent predictors (current or recent canine seropositivity and human VL incidence), distance to the screening site, and demographic variables. We assessed potential delays in the effect of time-dependent predictors on the outcome. Among 12,536 dogs screened for Leishmania infection, 64.2% were tested during serosurveys and 35.8% were tested on free demand. Of these, 63.9% were positive. Uptake of screening under free demand was strongly associated with higher levels of canine seropositivity in the neighborhood (current or recent) and decreasing distance to the screening site. A subsample of dog owners (n = 93) who sought CVL screening between 2016 and 2017 were interviewed in more detail. Owners with better socioeconomic status and dogs with apparent CVL clinical manifestations prevailed among them. Conclusions/Significance To support timely CVL management, passive case detection along with awareness activities aimed at dog owners should be encouraged in endemic areas. Screening sites should be prioritized in accessible zones, as well as in socio-economically disadvantage areas. In parallel, CVL active case detection should be continued as a surveillance tool to guide control actions.

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“…Existem muitas doenças que apresentam similaridade nos sinais clínicos apresentados pelos animais, dentre as principais estão: demomicose e piodermite bacteriana para alopecia e descamação de pele; infecção fúngica e Lúpus Eritematoso Sistémico para ulcerações cutâneas. Quando os sinais clínicos são sistêmicos, deve suspeitar de erliquiose, babesiose e hepatozoonose (Pessoa-e-Silva et al, 2019).…”

Section: Diagnóstico Diferencialunclassified

Leishmaniose visceral canina: Revisão

Júnior¹,

Mazzinghy²,

França³

et al. 2021

Pubvet

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A leishmaniose canina visceral é uma zoonose que possui grande repercussão na saúde animal e humana, cujo agente etiológico são os protozoários do gênero Leishmania sp. O objetivo do estudo consiste em realizar uma revisão sobre os aspectos importantes da doença, como agente etiológico, transmissão e patogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento, prevenção e controle, para acrescentar informações no âmbito da clínica médica de pequenos animais.

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The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: Confronting old problems

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

Identification of Leishmania infantum in blood donors from endemic regions for visceral leishmaniasis

Identification of Leishmania infantum in blood donors from endemic regions for visceral leishmaniasis

Passive case detection for canine visceral leishmaniasis control in urban Brazil: Determinants of population uptake

Leishmaniose visceral canina: Revisão

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