The Devonian Stratigraphic Succession and Evolution of the Baltic Sedimentary Basin

Tides: A key environmental driver of osteichthyan evolution and the fish-tetrapod transition?

“…The Gauja Formation is also part of the succession of deposits from the Baltic Delta, dating to the Late Givetian (approx. 385-383 Ma) [40]. It indicates that the Baltic Delta has gone from being tidally dominated, as shown in the earlier Rēzekne and Pärnu Formations, to being tidally influenced, and hence experiencing a shift to a micro-meso-tidal regime (0-4 m) [43,45].…”

“…The Rēzekne and Pärnu Formations, dating to the Late Emsian to Early Eifelian (approx. 395-390 Ma), belong to the Baltic Basin (BB), a vast delta which measured about 250 × 500 km [40,43]. These formations indicate that the delta was tidally dominated at this stage, suggesting a meso-macro-tidal regime [45,46].…”

“…Note that the South China region for our study includes Indochina, as there is evidence that the South China and Indochina blocks were linked due to the presence of similar fauna in the fossil record [32] (figure 1b,e). To test the robustness of our simulation outputs, we have identified three tidal proxies for each time slice which we will use for comparison [22,33,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Details of the proxies are discussed in more detail in the Material and methods section and comparisons discussed in §3 (figure 1 and table 1).…”

Constraining the Deep Origin of Parasitic Flatworms and Host-Interactions with Fossil Evidence

“…Age: The finds of the Lode Formation were described initially as Early Frasnian, Upper Devonian (Upeniece, 2001), although most authors now assign this to the Upper Givetian, Middle Devonian (Mark-Kurik et al, 1999;Jurina and Raskatova, 2012;Luk sevi cs et al, 2012;Mark-Kurik and Põldvere, 2012;Luk sevi cs et al, 2014). This corresponds with at least 381.9 Ma, the minimum age assigned to the GivetianeFrasnian boundary (382.7 Ma AE 0.8 Myr: Becker et al, 2012).…”

Fossil Constraints on the Timescale of Parasitic Helminth Evolution

“…382.7 Ma. The formation containing the finds was initially assigned to the Early Frasnian (Upeniece 2001), but currently the Lode Formation is assigned to the Upper Givetian (Lukševičs et al 2012(Lukševičs et al , 2014. This corresponds with 382.7 Ma corresponding to the minimum age assigned to the Givetian-Frasnian boundary according to GTS 2016 (Ogg et al, 2016).…”