The devil is in the detail: Discrepancy between soil organic carbon stocks estimated from regional and local data sources in Flanders, Belgium

Abstract

Storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an essential function of ecosystems underpinning the delivery of multiple services to society. Regional SOC stock estimates often rely on data collected during land‐use‐specific inventory schemes with varying sampling depth and density. Using such data requires techniques that can deal with the associated heterogeneity. As the resulting SOC assessments are not calibrated for the local scale, they could suffer from oversimplification of landscape processes and heterogeneity. This might especially be the case for sandy regions where typical historical land use practices and soil development processes determine SOC storage. The aims of this study were (a) to combine four land‐use‐specific SOC stock assessments to estimate the total stock in Flanders, Belgium, and (b) to evaluate the applicability of this regional‐scale estimate at the local scale. We estimated the SOC stock in the upper 100 cm of the unsealed area in Flanders (887,745 ha) to be 111.67 Mt OC, or 12.6 ± 5.65 kg OC m−2 on average. In general, soils under (semi‐) natural land‐use types, for example forests, store on average more organic carbon than under agriculture. However, overall agricultural soils store the largest amounts of SOC due to their vast spatial extent. Zooming in on a sandy location study (13.55 km2) revealed the poor performance of the regional estimates, especially where Histosols occurred. Our findings show that a greater spatial sampling density is required when SOC stock estimates are needed to inform carbon‐aware land management rather than to provide for regional reporting.

Sustainable soil use and management: An interdisciplinary and systematic approach

“…Soil compaction by agricultural machinery reduces macropores and creates water ponding (Mossadeghi-Björklund et al, 2019), which can affect SOC. There are also discrepancies between SOC estimates using regional versus local parameters, particularly for in woodland soils containing large amounts of decaying organic matter (e.g., Histosols) and low-input high-diversity ecosystems (Ottoy et al, 2019).…”

Landscape Design to Meet the Societal Demand for Ecosystem Services: A Perspective

“…re-sampling down from lower resolution data, or aggregating from higher resolution data) can lead to oversimplification and an incremental number of inaccuracies, which may affect the validity of the outcomes (see e.g. Ottoy et al [99]). Potschin and Haines-Young [63]conclude that 'boundary' and 'scale' problems are common to many ES assessments and among the most difficult to solve, whereas Mulder et al [100] conclude that most of the research priorities they defined concern spatial and temporal dimensions.…”